Learning about Language教学设计思路

人教必修二Unit 1 Period 2 A lesson plan for Learning about Language 第一学时

Aims: To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause. ①

Presentation—Examples & Definition ②

Practicing—Exercises ③

Production—Practical Application The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

Step 1 Presentation 

What is an Adjective Clause? (1) Examples ①

Adjective: the red coat ②

Adjective clause: the coat which

I bought yesterday

Like the word “red” in the first example, the dependent clause “which I bought yesterday” in the second example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before. (2) Definition of Attributive Clause An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?” or “what kind of?”

【PPT上配以中文解释，下同。】

In formal writing, an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),” “that,” or “which.” In informal writing or speech, you may leave out the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun in formal, academic writing: Formal Attributive Clause The books that people read were mainly religious. save. Informal Attributive Clause The books people

read were mainly religious. Some firefighters never meet the people whom

they

Some firefighters never meet the people they

save. (3) More Examples Here are some more examples of adjective clauses: ①

the meat which they ate was tainted ——This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which meat?”.

②

They’re talking about the movie which

made

him

cry

——This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which movie?”.

③

They are searching for the student who

borrowed

the

book

——The clause modifies the pronoun “student” and answers the question “which student?”.

④

Did I tell you about the author whom

I met? ——The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which author?”.



Restrictive & Non-restrictive Clause

(1) Some examples of Restrictive Attributive Clause & Non-restrictive Attributive Clause: ①

My uncle who lives in London is very rich. Restrictive ②

The policies which

were

unpopular were rejected by the voters. ③

My niece whose

husband

is

out

of

work will inherit the house which I have always treasured. ④

My uncle, who

lives

in

London, is very rich. Non-restrictive ⑤

The policies, which

were

unpopular, were rejected by the voters. ⑥

My niece, whose

husband

is

out

of

work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured. (2) Definition of Restrictive Attributive Clause & Non-restrictive Attributive Clause 

限定性定语从句

意义：限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。上面的①②③三个句子中的定语从句就是限制性定语从句。

①

My uncle who lives in London is very rich. 我那个居住在伦敦的叔叔很富有。（“我”肯定还有其他的叔叔，这里限定的是住在伦敦的那个叔叔有钱。）

Which person do you think is the uncle mentioned about？

②

The policies which

were

unpopular were rejected by the voters. 那些不受欢迎的政策被投票者否决了。（肯定还有其他受欢迎的政策没被否决，这里限定只是那些不受欢迎的被否决。）

Which do you think is popular？The right ones or the left ones? ③

My niece whose

husband

is

out

of

work will inherit the house which I have always treasured. 我的那个丈夫失业的侄女将继承我一直珍视的房子。（我有不止一个侄女，这里只是限定那个丈夫失业的侄女。）

Which girl do you think is the niece who

will inherit the house？



在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或on which。

例句：

①

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.

人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

②

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.

我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

③

We arrived the day that(on which) they left.

刚好我们到的那天他们走了。



在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。

例句：

①

The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting.

我在读的书很有趣。

②

Is there anything (that) you wanted?

想要什么东西吗? 

非限定性定语从句

意义：非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

例句：

①

The house, which I bought, has a lovely garden. 我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。

②

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。



非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

例如：

①

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。

②

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。



在非限定定语从句中，有时as也可用作关系代词。若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放句首，也可放在句中。

例如：

①

The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。

②

As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history. 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。



非限定性定语从句不能随便用，以免产生误解。

[错] The boys, who are playing football, are from Class One.

那些男孩们是一班的，他们在踢足球。

[对] The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

那些正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。

the boys这个先行词涵盖面太广，如果不进行限定，那就表述不清（男孩子千千万万，到底是哪些谁知道）。如果具体的语境下只有那些正在踢足球的是boys，不需要限定（其他都是女孩等），那么非限定定语从句也应放到句子最后面，不能放到the boys后。

Step 2 Practicing 从以下50题中选择一些题来练习。

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.

A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析

1. A. which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语. 2.C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to..whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略. 3. D. where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语. 4. C. when是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语. 5.A. which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语.其他几个答案都不能作宾语. 6.C. 解析同第5题. 7. A. 解析见第3题. 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown.如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则the one应该视为先行词. 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth..about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that. 10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.

13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句.这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义.as在从句中可以作主语、宾语.从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前.在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句. as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语.Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语

be famous for "以……..而闻名". 26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中,常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where,而that常可省略. 29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型,这一句中的why和that不能随意换位,也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有

“因为”的含义. 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题. 34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句. 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句.as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语.本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own.本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”,是单数概念.因此,主句的谓语动词要用is. 44. D. that followed是定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语. 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰,关系代词要用that,而不用which.

46. B. through which引导定语从句,through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语.What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语. 47. B. 为便于理解,改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出,作表语的the school是先行词.that引导了定语从句,因为that同时又作visited的宾语,所以被省略了.其它选项结构不对. 48. A. 解释见35题. 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念.因此,C是正确选项. 50. B. 本句话中,主句的主语是all,为抽象概念.因此,其谓语应用单数的has been.关系代词that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语.

Step 3 Production A test on FORMAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Directions: Combine the sentences. Use formal written English. Use (b) as an adjective clause. Punctuate carefully. 1) (a) An antecedent is a word. (b) A pronoun refers to this word. An antecedent ____ 2) (a) The blue whale is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.(b) It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons. The blue whale ____ 3) (a) The plane was met by a crowd of 300. (b) Some of them had been waiting for more than 4 hours. The plane ____ 4) (a) In this paper, I will describe the basic process.(b) Raw cotton becomes cotton thread by this process. In this paper, I will describe ____ 5) (a) The researchers are doing case studies of people to determine the importance of heredity in health and longevity.(b) These people’s families have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.

The researchers are doing case studies ____ 6) (a) At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research. (b) The results of this research will be published within 6 months. At the end of this month, scientists ____ 7) (a) According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’(that is, a fear of mathematics) is a widespread problem. (b) A solution to this problem must and can be found. According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’ ____

8) (a) The art museum hopes to hire a new administrator. (b) Under this person’s direction it will be able to purchase significant pieces of art. The art museum ____ 9) (a) The giant anteater licks up ants for its dinner. (b) Its tongue is longer than 30 centimeters (12 inches). The giant anteater ____ 10) (a) The anteater’s tongue is sticky.

(b) It can go in and out of its mouth 160 times a minute. The anteater’s tongue ____