Using LanguageⅡ教案3

Book Four第三单元重要知识点

词汇学习要点

1. humour/humor: n. 幽默;滑稽

humorous:

adj.

幽默的;诙谐的

1)Charlie Chaplin was an actor of English humour.

2) This story is humorous/ full of humour.

3. verbal: adj. 动词的;口头的

= spoken

nonverbal: adj. 非口头的; 不用语言

1)Comedy is a kind of verbal humour. 2)Mime is a kind of nonverbal humour.

5. Charlie Chaplin: 查理·卓别林

1889年4月16日生于英国伦敦,英国影视演员、导演、编剧。

第一部电影是《谋生》。从1915年开始卓别林开始自编自导自演,甚至还担任制片和剪辑。1925年的《淘金记》和1928年的《马戏团》为卓别林赢得了学院奖。

1952年，他的有声电影《舞台生涯》上映,同年他移居瑞士。1967年他拍摄了最后一部影片《香港女伯爵》。英国女王伊丽莎白二世1975年授予已经86岁的卓别林爵士封号。1977年12月25日圣诞节早上,卓别林在其家中睡眠时安然去世,享年88岁

。肥裤子、破礼帽、小胡子、大头鞋,再加上一根从来都不舍得离手的拐杖,卓别林用他的表情和动作将美国默片带到最高峰。卓别林在1936年3月曾经到访中国。1954 年周恩来总理在瑞士日内瓦回见过卓别林并且邀请他访问中国，但由于种种原因，未能成行。

作品:

(主要是: silent film) City Lights《城市之光》(1931) Modern Times《摩登时代》(1936) The Great Dictator《大独裁者》(1940) Twenty Minutes of Love 《二十分钟的爱情》

The Adventurer《冒险者》

The Gold Rush《淘金记》

A King In New York《一个国王在纽约》

8. comedy:

n.喜剧

tragedy: 悲剧;惨剧;惨案

Do you prefer comedy or tragedy?

维克多·雨果：1802年2月26日—1885年5月22日）, 法国作家,19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学的代表作家,人道主义的代表人物,法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家,被人们称为“法兰西的莎士比亚”。一生写过多部诗歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文艺评论及政论文章，在法国及世界有着广泛的影响力。主要作品有：《悲惨世界》、《钟楼怪人》(巴黎圣母院)、《克伦威尔》、《冰岛凶汉》、《东方诗集》、《欧那尼》、《吕布拉》、《惩罚集》、《沉思集》、《海上劳工》、《笑面人》、《世纪传说》、《九三年》。

10. up to now = (up) till now = so far：

到现在为止。(常与现在完成时连用。) 1)Up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.

2)I haven’t heard from him up to now.

3)Her life has run smoothly up to now.

下词或短语常和现在完成时连用：

already(已经。多在肯定句) ever(曾经) yet(已经。多在否定句和疑问句)

never(从未)

so far = up to/till now (到目前为止)

just(刚才) before(以前) since(从…以来) today(今天)，

now(现在)

recently = lately = of late(最近) for + 一段时间

次数

in/over/for/during the last/past …(在过去的多少时间里) this morning/afternoon/evening (该时间还未过去)

11. brighten: v. 使更明亮; 愉快/高兴

bright : adj.

明亮的; 聪明的

brightly: adv. 明亮地；鲜明地；生辉地

He brightened the lives of Americans and British through the two world wars.

12. depressed: adj. 忧愁的; 沮丧的

depressing: adj.令人忧愁的/沮丧的

depress: v. 使忧愁/沮丧

depression: n.忧愁;沮丧;经济大萧条

1)They are depressed about their exam results.

1 2)The movie is depressing. 3)The output of the factory depressed the town government. 4)The Great Depression. 大萧条

(From 1929 to the early 1930s.)

13.

content:

adj.

满足的; 满意的

n. 内容; 含量

vt.

使满足

contents: n. 目录; 内容; 内含物

feel/be content/satisfied with ...:

对…满意

feel/be content/satisfied to do...: 满意地做…

1)She is quite content to stay at home looking after her children.

2)He made people laugh, so they could feel more content with their lives. 3)Her answer seemed to content him. 4)I like the style and the content of the book .

14. performer: 表演者; 演出者

perform: v. 表演;演出;履行;完成

performance: n.表演;演出;履行;完成

The audience are content with the performers.

15. astonish: v.

使吃惊/震惊/惊诧

astonished: 吃惊的;震惊的;惊诧的

astonishing: 令人吃惊的/震惊的/惊诧的

astonishment: n. 吃惊;震惊;惊诧

an astonishing piece of news:

一条惊人的消息

surprise ---- amaze/astonish ---- shock 1)The earthquake astonished the whole country.

2)I was astonished at/by the news. 3)The accident is astonishing. 4)To our astonishment, the boy swam across the river.

5)She stared at me in astonishment.

16. fortunate: 幸运的; 运气好的

(lucky)

fortunately: 幸运地;幸运的是

unfortunate: 不幸的

unfortunately:不幸地;不幸的是

fortune:

n.

机会; 命运; 运气

be fortunate (enough) to do…

= be fortunate in doing…: 很幸运做…

1)She is fortunate (enough) to have a rich husband. 2)She is fortunate in having a rich husband. 3)Fortunately, we got rid of the pests.

17.badly/bad off: 穷的; 缺钱的;缺少的

be badly off for…: 缺少…

worse off: 更穷的/缺钱的

worst off: 最穷的/缺钱的

well off:

富裕的;有钱的

better off: 更富裕的/有钱的

best off:

最富裕的/有钱的

1)He is too badly off to have his own flat. 2)The school is badly off for good teachers. 3)Tom has lost his job and is worse off than ever.

4)Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off .

18.teens: 十几岁(13---19岁)

in one’s teens: 在某人十几岁的时候

in one’s twenties…/nineties: 在某人二十几/九十几岁时

1)She is in her (early/late) teens. 2)By his teens, Charlie had become one of the most popular child actors.

19. ordinary:平常的;普通的

common: 常见的; 普通的; 平常的；平凡的; 共同的;

共有的; 共享的; 粗俗的

He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.

20. bored: 厌烦的

bore: v. 使厌烦

boring: 使人厌烦的

be bored with…: 对…厌烦/不感兴趣

1)She bored us all by talking for hours about his new car. 2)We are bored with the supergirl/math. 3)His performance is boring.

21. entertain: v. 使欢乐;款待

entertaining: 使人愉快的;有趣的

entertainment: n. 娱乐;招待

1)No one was ever bored watching him ---- his subtle acting made everything entertaining. 2)The play failed to entertain the audience. 3)She will entertain her neighbors this evening.

22.charming: adj. 迷人的; 有魅力的

attractive: 吸引人的;漂亮的；英俊的

1)The girl looks charming. 2)Her smile is charming. 3)Hong Kong is a charming city.

23. throughout +(时间/地方)：遍及;贯穿

adv. 到处;始终;全部

all over/around/across +(地方):整个…

all through +(时间/地方) :整个…

1)He became known throughout the world in the 1990s. 2)The company has branches throughout the country. 3)It rained throughout the day/night. 4)The army remains loyal throughout. 5)The machine has been repaired throughout.

24. homeless:

adj. 无家可归的;无家的

-less加在某些名词的后构成否定意义的形容词。

helpless:

无力的; 无助的; 无依无靠的

careless:

粗心的; 轻率的

childless:

没有儿女的

harmless: 无害的; 没有恶意的; 无邪的

1)The homeless will be taken to the emergency shelter. 2)The government is trying its best to help the homeless people.

25. moustache/mustache: (上)小胡子

beard：(下)胡子; 络腮胡子

have/wear/grow a beard/moustache：留有胡须

wear a smile: 面带微笑

1)The man has a moustache/mustache now. 2)The man wears a strange beard.

2 26. worn: adj. 用旧的;用坏的;破烂的; 筋疲力尽的

exhausted:

筋疲力尽的

tired: 疲劳的

27. worn-out: adj. 磨破的; 穿坏的; 筋疲力尽的

1)The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. 2)The boy is wearing a worn/worn-out shoe. 3)The girl is worn/worn-out/very tired. 4)The girl has on a pair of worn jeans. 5)The college students are hungry and worn.

28. stiffly: adv. 僵硬地

He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick.

29. failure: n.

失败; 失败者/事情

(c)

fail: v. 失败; 不及格

fail to do…: 没能做什么

victory: n. 胜利

1)The play was a dead failure. 这出戏完全失败了。

2)Your decision led to the failure. 3)I tried to escape from the prison, but failed. 4)She failed to catch the thief.

30. overcome(overcame, overcome): 战胜;克服;被压倒

get over: 战胜;克服(困难等) 1)We shall overcome the invaders/difficulty. 2)I shall get over all the difficulties. 3)This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.

31. underdog: 失败者(failure) ;

处于劣势的一方

1)He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. 2)You are the underdog in the campaign.

32.snowstorm:

暴风雪

1)They are walking in the snowstorm. 2)So many cars are running in the snowstorm.

34. pick out: 挑出; 辨别出

pick up：捡起;学会(语言);收拾;驾车去接(人); 染上;识别出;举起;继续; 接收(信号/广播/电视节目)

1) My father helped me pick out a new book.

2) This photo was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can pick out

my father. 3) Let’s pick up where we left off last Thursday.

4) Where did you pick up your German?

5) We now can pick up the TV signals. 6) He will pick me up at 6:45 am. 7)She has picked up a bad cold from somewhere.

36. cut off:

切断; 断绝

cut in:

插嘴; 超车抢道

cut down:

减少; 缩减;砍倒

cut up:

切碎

cut out:

切掉; 割掉,删去

cut into pieces:

切成碎片

1)Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow. 2)A storm cut off the power to the whole city.

3)He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was cut off from the outside world.

37. chew: v. 嚼碎;咀嚼

chewing gum: 口香糖

1)He tries cutting and chewing the shoes as if it

were the finest steak. 2)Your dog is chewing on a bone.

38. mouthful: n. 一口; 满口

take a mouthful of… : 喝/吃一口…

eat a mouthful of…: 吃一口…

at a mouthful :

一大口

handful

一撮, 一把

cupful

一满杯 spoonful

一匙; 满匙

houseful

满屋; 一屋子

armful

(单臂或双臂)一抱之量

1) I can’t eat another mouthful of rice.

2) He took a mouthful of the bitter medicine and made a face.

39. enjoyment: n. 享受;欢乐;乐趣;乐事

enjoy: v.

喜欢; 欣赏

enjoyable: 令人快乐的/愉快的

1)Children have lost enjoyment at school. 2)I will share my enjoyments with you. 3) He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.

40. convince:

v.

使信服; 说服; 使承认

convincing:

令人信服的

convinced: 坚信不移的; 深信;坚信

convince...of…:

使…确信/相信…

be convinced of…:

确信; 承认

1) The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!

2) His appearance is always so convincing.

3) You need to convince the leader of your ability. 4) We are convinced of your progress. 5) Their victory is convincing.

41. direct:

v. 导演;指示;指挥

adj/adv.

直的/地; 直达的/地

director: n. 导演;经理;董事;主任

a direct train from Chongqing to Beijing

fly direct from China to the USA Chaplin produced, directed, and wrote the movies he starred in.

卓别林自制,自导,自编一些他自演的电影。

42. star in: 主演;担任主角

star sb: 使主演; 由某人担任主角

1) She has starred in a lot of good films.

2) This is a movie starring Zhang Ziyi. 3)The director wants to star Jim in his new film. 这位导演想让吉姆主演他的新片。

3 43. (the) Oscar: 奥斯卡

奥斯卡金像奖(Academy Award)就是学院奖，由电影艺术与科学学院

(Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)颁发。

1928年设立，每年一次在美国的好莱坞(Hollywood)举行。奖项近30项。半个多世纪来一直享有盛誉。它不仅反映美国电影艺术的发展进程而且对世界许多国家的电影艺术有着不可忽视的影响。“奥斯卡”这个名称的来历说法不一，较为可信的是，1931年电影艺术与科学学院图书馆的女管理员玛格丽特·赫里奇在仔细端详了金像奖之后，惊呼道：“啊！他看上去真像我的叔叔奥斯卡！”隔壁的新闻记者听后写道：“艺术与科学院的工作人员深情地称呼他们的金塑像为“奥斯卡。”从此，这一别名不胫而走。

44. outstanding: 杰出的; 突出的;显著的

stand out: 显眼;突出

1)Xi Jinping is an outstanding leader in China. 2)They were outstanding leaders in modern Chinese history. 3)He was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. 4)She is a person who stands out in the crowd. 5)My uncle stands out from/among/above the rest of the teachers.

45. Switzerland:

瑞士(Europe)

Population: 8, 372,100

Area: 41285 square kilometers

与德国,法国,意大利,奥地利及列支敦士登接壤。瑞士是全球最富裕, 经济最发达和生活水准最高的国家之一。人均GDP84864美元(世

界第二名)。卢森堡以人均GDP111062美元列世界第一。中国人均

GDP9481美元（70位）。马拉维以近338美元列倒数第一。

(2017年数据)

46. confidence: n. 信心;信念

confident: 自信的;有自信心的;确信的

1)He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence. 2)The boys lost confidence (in themselves).

3)She answered the question with confidence. 4)I gained confidence when I went to college.

48. gesture: 手势; 姿势;姿态

guest: 客人; 宾客

guess: 猜测; 认为

1)In silent films, he had to make use of gestures and body language to tell his stories. 2)He made a rude gesture at the nurse.

49. particular: adj.特别的; 特殊的

n.细节;细目;详情(detail)

particularly: adv.特别地; 特殊地

in particular: 特别;尤其

1)You should pay particular/special attention to your handwriting. 2)I am familiar with the particulars/details of the case. 3)Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour. 4)She is specially/especially/particularly modest. 5)I made the cake specially/especially for you. 6)He specially/especially/particularly loves her. 7)He loves the girl in particular. 8)Is there anything in particular I can do for you?

9)They are unhappy, specially/especially/ particularly when you are playing cards.

50. occasion: n. 时刻;时候;场合

on this/that occasion:在这种/那种场合; 这次/那次(那时)

on several occasions: 在几种场合;几次

on one occasion: 有一次;在某一场合

on occasion/occasions: 偶尔;有时

on the occasion of…: 在…之时/之际

on/under no occasion:

决不(如在句首，句子要倒装) 1)On one occasion in a restaurant he ordered some steak . 2)I met your sister on several occasions. 3)On no occasion shall we leave the islands.

51. budget:预算;开支

plan a budget ( for…): 制定预算

balance the budget: 平衡预算

go over the budget: 超出预算

It was clear that he didn’t keep to a strict budget.

53. slide (slid): v. (使) 滑动/滑行

n. 滑;滑动;幻灯片

1)I saw a man sliding on a banana skin. 2)The children are sliding on the ice. 3)Can you slide the table? 4)He will see/show 150 slides tomorrow.

54. amuse: v. 使发笑/愉快

amusing: 令人好笑的; 有趣的

amused: 觉得好笑的;逗乐的

be amused at/by/with…:因…而乐

amusement: n.娱乐;消遣

1)He amused us with a joke. 2)Mr Bean’s performance is amusing.

3)We were amused at his performance.

56. explanation: n.解释;讲解;说明

explain: v.解释;讲解;说明

explain…to sb: 向某人解释什么

explain to sb what/how…:向某人解释…

1)Here is the explanation to the joke. 2)Can you explain the poem to me?

58. mountainous: 多山的;山一般的

mountain/mountainous village: 山村

mountain city: 山城

59. whisper: n. 耳语;低语

v. 低语;小声说

in a whisper, in whispers:小声地

1) He looked up at the movie star and whispered, “How beautiful she is!”

2) What are the two girls whispering about? 3) “That man is a thief ,” she said in a whisper. 4)They spoke in whispers. 5)What are the two girls whispering about?

4 60. vast: 巨大的; 辽阔的

1)How vast the grassland is! 2)How vast the sky is!

62. mess: n. 赃或乱的状态

in a mess: 杂乱不堪;杂乱无章

1)Your bedroom is in a mess! 2)Clean up the mess at once. 3)The school was a mess after the party.

63. react: v. 作出反应;回应

react to…: 对…作出反应

reaction: n. 反应;回应

1) How will your father react to you when you make him angry? 2)The students reacted angrily to the plan.

64. porridge: 稀饭;粥; 麦片粥

I would like porridge for breakfast.

65. drunk: adj.

醉的(作表语用)

drunken: 醉的(作定语用) get drunk: 醉了

drunk-driving: 酒后开车

= drink-driving = drunken-driving 1)The drunken driver was fined 1000 dollars for drunken driving. 2)The three men are drunk. 3)The girl is drunk too. 其余部分重要点

1.in between: 介于…之间(时间/地方) 1)He brightened the lives of all the people through two world wars and the hard years in between. 2)I have some time now because I am in between jobs. 3)She sees her husband most weekends, but not very often in between. 4)The tramp has breakfast and supper, but he doesn’t eat anything in between. 5)My school lies in between the two factories. 6)The hospital is near a park, but there is a road in between.

2. not that…: 倒不是；并不是说

not that…but that…: 不是因为…而是因为

= not because…but because…

1)Not that Charlie’s own life was easy.

2)They haven’t bought the apartment—not that they are badly off. 3)Our director didn’t attend the meeting this morning; not that he was busy. 4)We have lost the fight; not that it is important.

3. as：

随着

1)As time went by/on, he began making films. 2)Things are getting better and better as time goes on.

3)As it grew darker, it became colder.

4. can't help doing …:

情不自禁做…

can't help (to)do …:

不能帮助做…

can't help but do …:

只好做, 不得不

can't but do …:

只好做, 不得不

1)When I look at the photo, I can't help thinking of my childhood. 2)The teacher can't help (to) remember the words and phrases. 3)If you fail the test again, you can't help but study harder day and night.

5. be to blame for = be responsible for:

对…负责任

be blamed for:

因...被责备

1)The driver is to blame for the 196 deaths. 2)If I am to blame, you are to blame too, 3)The headmaster should be blamed for what he said at the meeting.

6. deadly: （adj.）致命的,极有害的,乏味的,非常的,极度的

dead：(adj.) 死的

die: (v.) 死

death: ( n.) 死亡

38 deaths: 38死亡

7. 很多词修饰一个名词的位置顺序：

限定词（my/this/…）+ 数词

+ 描绘形容词（beautiful）+

大小/长短/高低等形容词（large/long/high）+ 形状

+ 年龄

+ 新旧+ 颜色+ 国籍

+ 材料

+ 用途

+ 中心名词

1)this good small old brown wallet 2)the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 3)a very valuable bronze Egyptian cat 4)all those smart brown snakeskin shoes

5)Kate's famous long blue evening dress

6)the two expensive small round new yellow Chinese plastic garden tables

8. 本单元的一些短语：

silent film: 无声电影

make up: 编造

Thank goodness/God! 谢天谢地！

plant pot: 花盆

either of…: 二者之一

hang up: 挂起; 挂断电话; 终止使用

film a scene/novel: 拍摄一个场景/把小说搬上银幕

produce/shoot a film: 拍摄一部电影

go camping: 去野营/宿营

in the open (air): 在户外/野外

read … through/over: 通读，通看

read…to sb: 为某人读什么

go out of business: 破产

the other day/morning/afternoon/evening/night：

不久前的一天(上午/下午/晚上) work hard at/on:

认真学/整…

make fun of:

取笑，嘲笑

hope for the best: 作最好的打算

keep/stay/be in touch with…: 与…保持联系（状态）

keep track of:

与…保持联系（状态）

get in touch with…:

与…保持联系

(动作) lose touch with…:

与…失去联系(动作) be out of touch with …：和…失去联系(状态)

5 ★现在分词★

一般式主动：

doing 一般式被动：

being dong 完成式主动：

having done 完成式被动：

having been done ①doing: 表示主动。作状语时, 表示与谓语动词同时发生,但有时也表示一个动作一完成, 另一动作马上进行。doing在句中主要用作定语和状语。

②being done: 表示被动, 进行。在句中主要用作定语。

③having done: 表示主动。在句中通常用作各种状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。

④having been done: 表示被动。在句中通常用作各种状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。

★A. 现在分词作定语: 只有doing, being done才能用作定语。doing 作定语时, 如果是一个词就放于被修饰的名词前, 如

是短语则放于被修饰的名词后。being done只能放于被修饰的名词后。

1)The weeping girl is from the poor countryside.

2)The girl weeping by the lake is from the poor countryside. 3)The bus being repaired at the garage

will be given to Newton High School.

★B. 现在分词作表语: 只有doing可以用作表语。

表示“使/令人……的”。

1)The news from the airport is exciting/disappointing.

2)The soldiers’ stories are moving/surprising.

◆以下动词除scare, delight外均可加上ing, 用作表语,

表示“使/令人……的”。

surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify,

alarm, touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦),

disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意),encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust,

interest, satisfy, excite, disgust(使反感), frustrate(使沮

丧), disappoint, embarrass, worry, confuse, puzzle,

thrill, depress, convince…

【scare --- scary】

【delight ---delightful】

【upset ---upsetting】

★C. 现在分词作时间状语: doing, having done,

having been done均可用作时间状语。

1)Working in the countryside, she learned a lot from the farmers. 2)Seeing my car, the boy ran away as fast as he could. 3)Having waited in the line for half an hour ,the old man suddenly realized he had left the check in the car. 4)Having been told

many times , he finally understood it.

★D. 现在分词作原因状语: doing, having done,

having been done均可用作原因状语。

1)Seeing that she was unhappy, I asked if she’d like that little toy on her bed. 2)Not realizing that he was in great danger, Jim walked deeper into the forest. 3)Being a student, you should obey all the rules of the school. 4)Having passed the exam, we jumped with joy. 5)Not having completed the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 6)Having been given

the right change, she left the shop in a hurry.

★E. 现在分词作结果状语: 只有doing可以用作结果状语。

1)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

2)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people aboard. 3)The news shocked the public, causing

great concern about students’ safety at school.

★F. 现在分词作目的状语: 只有doing可以用作目的状语。

1)The man has come to the town, looking for his lost wife. 2)The lawyer listened with full attention, trying

not to miss any point．

(doing短语可改为

to do短语，但to do 前一般不加逗号。)

★G现在分词作伴随状语: 只有doing可以用作伴随状语。

1)The girl walked out of the hospital, singing and dancing. 2)He said angrily, pointing at my nose. 3)“We

can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window. 4)The boss sat at the restaurant feeling frustrated. 5)The students are standing (by the window) playing games.

★

H.

现在分词作条件状语

:

只有

doing

可以用作条件状语。

1)Working harder, you will make greater progress.

= Work harder, and you will make greater progress.

2)Weather permitting, the ship will leave the harbor for Taiwan.

★I. 现在分词作让步状语:

doing, having done,

having been done均可用作让步状语。

1)Living

on the two rivers, we still lack clean water because of the heavy pollution 2)Having said that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.

★J. 现在分词作方式状语: 只有doing可以用作方式状语。

1)The prisoner escaped from the island taking a boat. 2)The little boy came riding a wild horse.

★K. 现在分词作宾语补足语: 只有doing, being done可以用作宾语补足语。

1)Just now I found a woman sliding on a banana skin. 2)As we drew closer, I could see your dog being attacked by six other dogs.

6 以下动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to, find, discover, have, get, keep, send, set, catch, leave, like , stop, prevent…, 均可以接

宾语后再接doing作宾语补足语。see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find等动词接宾语后还可以接being

done短语作宾语补足语。

catch sb doing…: 撞见/碰上/发现/看见某人在做什么

leave/get/have/keep/send/set sb doing…: 使某人做什么

●附：现在分词在用作时间状语, 原因状语, 条件状语, 让步状语

在句首时, 其后面句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。但以下

doing短语在句中起插入语作用, 在句中没有带自己的逻辑

主语, 也没有自己的逻辑主语。

supposing/suppose/assuming/providing/

provided (that) …:

假如，假定

allowing for…:

考虑到

taking …into consideration

= considering (that)…: 考虑到

seeing (that)…:

由于，因为，鉴于

talking/speaking of…:

谈到

judging by/from…:

根据…判断/判定

generally speaking: 一般地说

1)Supposing/Suppose/Provided/Providing

(that) she can’t come to the lecture, what shall we do? 2)Considering he was a disabled student, we didn’t let him do such hard work.

3)Generally speaking, Tom is a good student.

4)Judging by his accent, the stranger must be from Australia.

问题句子：

1)Walking by the lake, it began to rain heavily. 2)Having finished the work, the sun came out. 3)To catch the early train, the clock should be put here. 4)Moved by her words, the computer was sold by me.