Learning about Language优秀教学设计范文

现在完成时的被动语态

考点一

现在完成时的被动语态的定义和构成

现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时的被动语态由“has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

注意各种句式变化。下面以动词teach为例,列表说明现在完成时的被动语态的句式变化: 肯定句

否定句

I have been taught. He/She/It has been taught. We/You/They have been taught.

I have not been taught. He/She/It has not been taught. We/You/They have not been taught.

肯定回答: 否定回答: 一般疑问句: Yes,you have. No,you haven’t. Have I been taught?

No,he/she/it Has he/she/it been taught? Yes,he/she/it hasn’t. 疑Have we/you/they been has. Yes,you/we/they No,you/we/they 问taught?

haven’t.

have.

句

特殊疑问句: 简略回答: Who has been taught? We have. Where have you been In the classroom.

taught?

考点二

现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项

1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

主动:We have built many houses in the past ten years. 被动:Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 2)带有双宾语的动词,如

give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read, sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留在原处。

主动:I have given him the book. 被动:He has been given the book.

被动:The book has been given to him. 注意:带有双宾语的动词在由主动语态变为被动语态时,一般把表示“人”的宾语(间接宾语)变为主语。

3)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处,改称为主语补足语。原来为省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

主动:I have asked him to help you. 被动:He has been asked to help you. 主动:I have made him work hard. 被动:He has been made to work hard. 4)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持其完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词切不可遗漏。

主动:He has referred to the book. 被动:The book has been referred to (by him). 主动:He has thought of a way of doing it. 被动:A way of doing it has been thought of. 5)由主动语态变为被动语态时要注意主谓一致。

主动:He has written three novels. 被动:Three novels have been written (by him).

考点三

现在完成时的被动语态的高考考点

序号

考点内容

考查现在完成考点1

时的被动语态的构成

考查现在完成考点2

进行时的被动语态

注意事项

要分清句子该用现在完成时的主动语态还是被动语态,如果用被动语态,其构成为:have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词。

被动语态没有完成进行时态,主动语态的现在完成进行时改为被动语态时用现在完成时,依此类推。如:He has been teaching me since I came to the school.改为被动语态为:I have been taught by him since I came to the school.

序号

考点内容

注意事项

含有疑问词的现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:1)疑问词(做主语)+has+been+过去分词+...?如:What has been bought by them?他们已经买了什么东西? 考查含2)疑问词(做主语)+have+been+过去分词+...?有疑问如:Who have been given the books by the 词的现teacher?谁已经得到老师发的书籍? 考点3

在完成3)疑问词(做定语)+复数名词+have+been+过去时的被分词+...?如:How many stories have been told by 动语态

the old woman?这位老太太已经讲了多少个故事? 4)疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词+...?如:Where has the meeting been held?这次会议在哪儿召开的?

序号

考点内容

注意事项

把握好现在完成时的时间状语,对于做好这类试题有很大帮助。主要分为以下几类: (1)以现在为参照的时间状语,如:just,already,yet,before,once等。

考查现(2)包括现在时间在内的时间状语,在完成如:now,today,this morning,this month,this year考点4

时的时等。

间状语

(3)表示一段时间的状语,如:so far,(ever)since,(for) a few hours,(for)a long time,(for)long,for/in/over/during the last few years等,表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。

yesterday,three years ago,last month等。

情态动词与现在完成时连用时主要分为以下几种情况: 考查现(1)should/ought to have been done“本该被做,事在完成实上没有做”, 表示责备。

时的被(2)should not have been done/oughtn’t to have 考点5

动语态been done“本不该被做,而事实上做了”, 表示责与情态备。

动词连(3)must have been done“一定被做了”,其否定式用

为:can’t have been done/couldn’t have been done“不可能被做了”。

序号

考点内容

注意事项

(4)could have been done“本来能够被做”,事实上没有做成。

(5)may/might have been done “可能已经被做考点5

了”,表示对过去发生的情况的推测。

(6)would/should/could/might (not) have been done构成虚拟语气。

【随堂练习】

1)In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat

(cut). 2)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement

(reach) so far by the two sides. 3)The battle lasts little more than half an hour,in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes

(throw) at anyone or anything that moves,runs,or fights back. 4)In most cities the sky looks as though it

(empty) of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark. 5)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they

(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 6)More than one means

(take) since Tom learned the new language,but he still doesn’t perform well. 7)The fields where crops used to be grown

(use) for buildings

now. 8)The new dictionaries are very useful.They

(sell) well and

(sell out) already. 9)Computers

(use) in offices and homes since 1970s. 10)—What is the price of petrol these days? —Oh,it

(rise) slightly since last month. 答案：

has been cut has been reached have been thrown

has been emptied have been promised

has been taken

are being used

Sell；have been sold out have been used

has risen

将下列句子改为被动语态

11)The programmer has programmed the robots to act just like human beings.

12)They have put the computer into a robot.

13)We have finished the work now.

14)He has given the child some interesting books.

15)Have they returned the book yet?

答案：

The robots have been programmed to act just like human beings by the programmer. The computer has been put into a robot by them. The work has been finished (by us) now.

The child has been given some interesting books by him./Some interesting books have been given to the child by him. Has the book been returned by them yet?