Learning about Language教学设计(第二课时)

教学设计

必修2

UNIT 3

Learning about Language

●教学目标

(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用现在完成时的被动语态。

●教学地位

语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握现在完成时态的被动语态对学生对英语的理解，写作等都有很大的帮助，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。

●新课导入建议

通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

●教学流程设计

堂互动探究”(见学案第36页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组

重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的

学案第37

布置作业。让学生完成课本第21页1、2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第38页)38页）。

1．By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true.(P20)到我16岁时，我的梦想已经成为现实。

by the time 到……为止(引导时间状语从句，如果从句用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；如果从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时) By the time they get there，we will have finished the work.他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。

By the time the soldiers arrived at the area，the number of the injured had risen to ten thousand. 当士兵们到达那个地区时，伤员已增至一万人。

单句改错

①By the time we got there，the bus left.

②We will complete the task by the time they come here.

【答案】

①left→had left

②complete→have completed 2．give...away捐赠；赠送；分发；泄露秘密

The company has given its computers away to a local school.(P21)该公司向一所当地学校捐赠了电脑。

He gave away most of his fortune to the poor. 他把大部分财产捐给了穷人。

They doubted whether the secret had been given away by one of their friends. 他们怀疑这个秘密已经被他们的一个朋友给泄露了。

give in上交；让步；妥协

give off散发(气味) give out耗尽；散发，分发，公布

give up放弃

用适当的介、副词填空

①I'm afraid the kids will give the whole thing

．

②He has given

to my view. ③My father has given

smoking. 【答案】

①away

②in

③up

观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会现在完成时被动语态的用法。

①Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told! ②Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. ③I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. ④I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. [自我总结] (1)以上句中使用了现在完成时的被动语态；其谓语动词的构成为

。

(2)时间状语：

。

【答案】

(1)have/has been done

(2)①over time ②since the 1970s

现在完成时的被动语态

一、现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式

肯定式

主语＋have/has been done... 否定式

主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式

Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

特殊疑问式

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

The city has been swept through by heat wave recently. 最近炎热横扫了这座城市。

His work has not been finished．

他的工作尚未完成。

Have the new booking systems for tickets been used? 新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？

二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since...，before...等连用。

The doctor hasn't been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点

1．现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has 和

been，两者缺一不可。

2．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。

This novel was finished last year. 这部小说是去年写的。

This novel has been finished. 这部小说已经完成了。

3．一些特殊动词，如borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

4．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时要完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(2013•北京高考)Shakespeare's play Hamlet

into at least ten different films over the past years. A．had been made

B．was made C．has been made D．

would be made 【解析】

考查动词时态。根据此句标志词over the past years应使用现在完成时态。故选C。

【答案】

C 2．—Will you lend me some paper? —Sorry，mine

．

A．is running out of B．

has been run out C．has run out D．

has run out of 【解析】

run out是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态，不接宾语；run out of是及物动词词组，后接宾语。Mine has run out.＝Mine has been run out of.句意：“请借给我些纸好吗？”“对不起，我的(纸)用完了。”

【答案】

C 3．—Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon? —I'd like to，Mum，but I

to a party by Jane.It is her birthday. A．am invited B．

was invited C．will be invited D．

have been invited

【解析】

句意：“你愿意明天下午和我一起去看电影吗？”“我很愿意，妈妈，但是简已邀请我去参加聚会了。明天是她的生日。”由句意可知，邀请这个动作虽发生在过去，但对现在造成的影响还存在(不能和妈妈一起看电影了)，所以用现在完成时态。

【答案】

D 4．Great changes

in my hometown and a lot of factories

．

A．have been taken place；are being set up B．have taken place；have been set up C．are taken place；had been set up D．had taken place；will be set up 【解析】

句意：我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，创建了许多工厂。take place 无被动，故排除A、C两项；D项时态不对，此处应该指过去对现在的影响，故两空都用现在完成时，故选B项。

【答案】

B 5．Till now，three films

in that small village this month. A．have shown B．

have been shown C．were shown D．

will be shown 【解析】

till now 一般用于现在完成时，three films与show 为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

【答案】

B 6．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I

the cloth

well. A．have told；washes B．have been told；washes C．was told；washed D．have been told；is washed 【解析】

原因状语从句的主语

I 和谓语

tell 是动宾关系，而且tell 的动作发生在want 之前，故用现在完成时的被动语态；第二个空wash 要用主动形式表示被动意义。

【答案】

B 7．(2011•天津高考)In the last few years thousands of films

all over the world. A．have produced B．

have been produced C．are producing D．

are being produced 【解析】

句意：在过去的几年里，全世界已经制作了几千部电影。in the last/past few years(在过去的几年里)通常与现在完成时连用；另外，根据句意及句子结构可知：此句为被动含义，所以用现在完成时态的被动形式。

【答案】

B 8．—How many times

not to play with fire? —I'm sorry.I'll never do that again. A．do you tell B．

had you told C．are you told D．

have you been told 【解析】

根据how many times“多少次”可知要用现在完成时态，“你”应该是被告诉，所以用被动语态，合在一起就用现在完成时的被动语态。

【答案】

D 9．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what

．

A．have marked B．

have been marked C．had marked D．

had been marked

【解析】

根据前面的时态，此处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。

【答案】

B 10．—How long

into practice? —Since 2000. A．was the project put B．will the project be put C．had the project been put D．has the project been put 【解析】

从答语来看，表示自从2000年至今的情况，故使用现在完成时态；project与put之间是被动关系，用被动语态。

【答案】

D Ⅱ.句型转换

将下列句子变成被动语态

1．How many words have you learned? →

2．They have asked him some questions. →

3．He has translated those books into Chinese. →

4．How long have you used the battery? →

5．He hasn't handed in his paper yet. →

6．We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years. →

7．Tom hasn't sold out all the magazines. →

【答案】

1.How many words have been learned(by you)? 2．He has been asked some questions by them. 3．Those books have been translated into Chinese by him.

4.How long has the battery been used? 5．His paper hasn't been handed in yet.

6.Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last 5 years.

7.All the magazines haven't been sold out by Tom.