Learning about Language教案和课堂实录

Unit 3 Computers Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态

Two Tasks: The Present Perfect Tense（现在完成时）

The Present Perfect Passive Voice（现在完成时的被动语态）

Step I: The Present Perfect Tense(现

在

完

成

时) 1. 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

eg. We have seen the new film .

2.表示动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作

eg. He has lived here since 1978.

注意：

现在完成时:不仅单纯表示一个过去发生的动作，而且还表示该动作对现在的某种影响以及产生的后果；既涉及过去，又联系现在。即现在完成时的动作并非“现在”完成，而是“过去”完成，并重在强调动作完成的结果与影响。

Step II: Grammar Learning 一、The Present Perfect Tense 1)肯定句：

have/has + P.P.

2)否定句：have/has + ____ + P.P.

3)一般疑问句：Have you done your homework? 二、The Present Perfect Passive Voice 1. Presentation Read the sentences from the text, paying attention to the underlined parts. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2. …, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3. …

I never forget anything I have been told! 4. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me. 5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as …

2. Structure have / has + _______ + done 主动变被动：

We have used every possible means to prevent the air pollution. Every possible means ______________ to prevent the air pollution. 3.

Practice 1)．由于大雪，高速公路已经被封闭。

The freeway _______________because of the heavy snow. 答案：has been closed 2)．对不起，先生，这次展览的门票已经全部卖完了。

Sorry，sir，all the tickets for the exhibition ________________. 答案：have been sold out

3)．这座城市明年将建多少座大楼？

How many high buildings ________________in this city next year? 答案：will be built 4)．为了多种一些谷物，很多树被砍掉了。

Large numbers of trees ______________to grow more grain. 答案：have been cut down 注意：

现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当可与already, yet, never, recently, so far, by now, up till now, since等连用。例如：

I’m sorry，but the letters haven’t been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。

(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件) The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。

(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了) 2) 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。例如：

The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours. 这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。

3) 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.

你的任务一完成就可以回家。

Step III: Practice 1．His sister left home in 1998，and _______since. A．had not been heard of B．has not been heard of

C．had not heard of D．has not heard of 解析：选B。考查时态及语态。句意为：他姐姐1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。根据句中since可知本题需用完成时，同时根据句意可知需用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。

2．—Can we sit at the table near the window?

—I’m sorry，but it________already. A．was taken

B．took C．has taken

D．has been taken 解析：选D。it代指the table，和take之间是被动关系；又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时，故答案选D项。

3. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_______ the cloth washed well. A．have told

B．have been told

C．have been told；

D．was told 解析：选B。根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好洗”可知用完成时的被动语态

4. All the preparations for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed 5. ---- How long ____ at this job?

---- Since 1990.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed 6. --Did you move into the new house?

-- No. The rooms ___ yet.

A. were being painted

B. are painting

C. have not painted

D. have not been painted

Step IV: Extension 1. What has been happened to you?

What has happened to you? 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等．

2. The child has been taken good care by Grandma Wang all these years.

The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如：

e.g. A notice has been put up on the wall. Step V: Consolidation. 1．More than 5,000 used bikes__________________ (collect) since the two brothers set up the organization. 答案：have been collected 2．Since the cause of this disease________________ (discover)，now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 答案：has been discovered 3．Over the past ten years，this town __________ (hit)twice by earthquakes. 答案：has been hit 4．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this afternoon? —No. It__________________(put off)till tomorrow afternoon. 答案：has been put off Step VI: Homework