Learning about Language教学设计内容推荐

必修二

Unit 3

Computers 课时提优训练

（时间：40分）

I. 阅读理解

As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code. Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language. For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell. Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought－up person would do. It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless. The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌)．

One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation. If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else. The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity. 1. What does the author say about the threat of robots? A. It may be a challenge to computer programmers. B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology. C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language. D. It has become an inevitable danger as technology gets more sophisticated. 2. How do robots learn human values? A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations. B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings. C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior. D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought－up human beings. 3. What will a well－programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

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A. Keep a distance from possible dangers. B. Do sufficient testing before taking action. C. Set off its built－in alarm system at once. D.

Stop to seek advice from a human being. 4. What is the most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code? A. Determine what is moral and ethical. B. Design some large－scale experiments. C. Set rules for man－machine interaction. D.

Develop a more sophisticated program. Ⅱ.七选五

You probably think that you are already skilled in what you are doing, and perhaps you are right.__1__ Thus, you need to constantly make great efforts to improve yourself. So, make the best of who you are, and apply these practical tips on how to excel at what you do. __2__ It is important that you devote a certain percentage of your time to learning and researching, even if it is only about 30 minutes to one hour per day. You may consider reading blogs, magazines, which can enrich your knowledge. Learn to pay close attention to details.

It is a fact that once people have become accustomed to their regular tasks, they rarely check the finer details about their job.__3__ Get inspired and start working on your flaws.

If you find yourself stressed out, maybe what you need is an inspiration.__4__ By doing so, you can continue the learning for improvement and eventually become much better at this task. Additionally, you should begin working on your flaws as this can serve as an excellent way to perform better at work. Be with the right people and always try to improve yourself.

__5__ Once you have found these inspiring people, you should try to cooperate with them to complete a joint project to do wonders to your organization. With your constant desire to improve, you will be able to enhance your reputation, develop your sense of professionalism and deal well with your colleagues at work. A. Make great efforts to be lost in your learning. B. Spend some time a day learning new things. C. However, you may not be the best you can possibly be. D. There is no denying that you are excellent in your career. E. You may consider looking at others' work and performance to inspire yourself. F. Unfortunately, neglecting them can lead to misunderstanding and other negative consequences. G. This step may seem very simple, yet it can get challenging to find someone who is credible and has a good reputation in your company. Ⅲ. 语法填空

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

This dog is very __1__(access) and likes getting close to everyone it meets. This kind of dog

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is so cute that even though it might have never seen you __2__，

if it sees you sitting down and looking lovely, it will jump onto your lap and show you __3__(kind). These dogs are not the right choice if you are looking for a watchdog, but if you want an honest companion, you need to look no __4__(far). If you accept them as a part of your family, they will provide you with love and affection. But besides being loving, they are also very playful and like chasing other small animals, so __5__(keep)them on a chain when going for a walk would be a smart thing to do. If their personality doesn't make your heart __6__(melt), their beautiful eyes __7__，and when you see the warmth in them you will feel the urge to pet them—and that is exactly __8__ they want. This dog is a long－term commitment, and your life could __9__(enrich) by its company if you are ready __10__ that. Ⅳ. 短文改错

Dear Editor，

Last weekend, my friend and I go on an outing together. We enjoyed beautiful countryside

scenery and had a great time, and there was one other

thing which annoyed us a lot. On the

way we saw that piles of straw in the fields was being burnt, it produced heavy clouds of

smoke and caused serious air pollution. Beside, burning straw is a waste of resources.

In order to make full use

natural resources and avoid air pollution, I suggest that

straw is used to feed animals. I also sincere hope our government can take actions to deal

with the straw problem. Ⅴ. 书面表达

假定你是天津一中的学生李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织今年八月将在新加坡(Singapore) 举办夏令营活动，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。

内容主要包括：1.自我介绍(包括英语能力等)；2. 说明参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家等)；3. 希望获准。

注意：1.词数

100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Regards,

Li Hua

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答案解析

I. 阅读理解

[文章大意]随着人工智能的发展越来越复杂，人们担忧机器人会成为我们的威胁。如何解决这个问题呢？计算机科学家Stuart Russell认为，如果我们弄清楚了如何把我们的价值观、道德准则变成程序密码，这个问题就解决了。

1. 解析

C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This danger can be avoided，...into a programmable code.”可知，作者认为如果人类的道德标准被写入计算机语言的话，机器人带来的这种危险可以避免。故选C。

2. 解析

C细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior.”可知通过分析有关人类行为的大量数据，机器人就可以学会人类的伦理和道德。故选C。

3. 解析

D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“If the robot is unsure...ask for directions from a human.”可知，对于不寻常的情况，机器人会停止行动，发出求救信号，向人类寻求指令。故选D。

4. 解析

A细节理解题。根据最后一段可知想把计算机的价值观变成程序代码最困难的步骤是我们要准确地确定什么是道德，如何设定伦理的规则。故选A。

Ⅱ.七选五

[文章大意]本文就如何提升自己给出了一些建议。

1. 解析

C推理判断题。根据前句可知，你可能认为自己非常擅长你所做的事情了，下一句却说那么你需要不断努力来提高自己，所以两句之前缺少转折句，故选C，意为“然而，你可能没有达到你能做到的最好”。

2. 解析

B段落标题句题。本句是标题句，根据下面的小标题可知，要用祈使句。根据第二段中的“It is important that you devote a certain percentage of your time to learning and researching，”

可知要花一定的时间学习和探索新的东西，故选B。

3. 解析

F细节理解题。前句说人们一旦习惯了常规的工作，就很少会去检查工作中出色的细节。故本句选F，意为“忽略了这些细节就会导致误解和其他的不好的结果”。代词“them”就指上句中的details。

4. 解析

E细节理解题。上句提到了如果你发现自己过度紧张，那么你需要激励(inspiration)。所以本句选E，意为“你可以考虑去看看别人的工作和表现来激励自己”。上下句都出现inspire的同根词。

5. 解析

G推理判断题。本段主旨句意为：和合适的人在一起。根据下一句可知一旦你找到这些令人鼓舞的人，你就应该和

他们合作，所以本句选G，意为“你要去挑战着寻找一些可靠的，并且在公司中声誉好的人”。上下文之间都围绕主旨句来讲寻找正能量的人这个话题。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了骑士查理王犬的个性及特征。

1. 解析

accessible考查词性转换。系动词后接形容词作表语，accessible意为“易接近的”。

2. 解析

before考查副词。根据语境可知，此处指的是“即使它之前从未见过你”，故要用before, before与完成时连用。

3. 解析

kindness考查词性转换。show后接双宾语，且you为间接宾语，故用名词kindness作直接宾语。

4. 解析

further/farther考查比较级。由语境可知，此处指“你不需要再找了”，应用副词比较级。

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5. 解析

keeping考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语，故用keeping。

6. 解析

melt考查非谓语动词。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，heart与melt之间是主动关系，故用省略to的不定式作宾补。注意：melt表示“态度软下来，变得温和有同情心”时，是不及物动词。

7. 解析

will考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句用了一般现在时表将来，故主句用一般将来时。注意：will后的make your heart melt承前省略。

8. 解析

what考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。

9. 解析

be enriched考查动词的被动语态。句子的主语your life与enrich之间为被动关系，再根据could可知，该空填be enriched。

10. 解析

for考查介词。此处是be ready for“为……做好准备”，是固定搭配，故填介词for。

Ⅳ. 短文改错

Dear Editor，

Last weekend, my friend and I go on an outing together. We enjoyed beautiful countryside

went scenery and had a great time, and there was one other

thing which annoyed us a lot. On the

but

删去other way we saw that piles of straw in the fields was being burnt, it produced heavy clouds of

were

which smoke and caused serious air pollution. Beside, burning straw is a waste of resources.

Besides

In order to make full use∧

natural resources and avoid air pollution, I suggest that

of straw is used to feed animals. I also sincere hope our government can take actions to deal

be

sincerely

action with the straw problem.

Ⅴ. 书面表达

One possible version：

Dear Sir or Madam，

I am Li Hua, a student of Tianjin No.1 High School. I learn from the Internet that the International Students Organization will hold a summer camp in Singapore in August, and I am very eager to write to you to apply for this camp. I think it will be a big chance for me to communicate with students from other countries, which will also help me make great progress in English. Besides, I can make more friends and learn the culture of other countries. All of these sound so wonderful. It will be my great honor if I can get your permission to take part in the summer camp. Looking forward to your good news. Regards,

Li Hua

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