Using LanguageⅡ优质课教案整理

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习

非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）

; having done （完成式）; having been do ne （完成被动式）

不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）

动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式）

;

非谓语动词的特点：

三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：

一、动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1．To learn a foreign language is difficult . 2．

His wish is to be a driver .

3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .

4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

5．I have nothing to say .

6．They went to see their aunt .

7．It’s easy to see their aunt.

8．I don’t know what to do next .

9．I heard them make a noise . 说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1．

“to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2．

带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom . （

但是：

He was seen to enter the classroom .）

3．

动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . It’s necessary for you to study hard .

It’s foolish of him to do it .

与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible

4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc. 需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to

6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：

1）动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2）主谓关系：

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I ) -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now

逻辑主语不是I ) 7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：

1）

原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now. 二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult . 学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus .

他的工作是开车。

I enjoy dancing . 我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country .

我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .

吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。

注意以下几种结构：

1．There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2．It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，

forget to do … 忘记要做某事

forget doing… 忘记做了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事

remember doing …记着做了某事

mean to do …

有意要做某事

mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔

regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事

try doing

试着做某事

learn to do …

学着去做某事

learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）

stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）

go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事

be used to doing … 习惯做某事

2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义

如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词

，

后者是现在分词

又如：

drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3．

动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如：His coming made us very happy .

4．动名词的语态和时态

5．

动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

三．

分词

1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .

这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。

2 . This is a moving film .

这是一部动人的电影。

3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。

4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .

如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .

当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。

应注意的几个问题：

1．现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. = The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2．分词作表语

The news sounds encouraging .

They got very excited .

1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

The news is interesting .

He is interested in the news . doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

2）表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）

The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）

3）常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased ,

satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．现在分词、动名词

现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语) The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时) My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词) 能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

例如：

How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging . What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby . 4．注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做

have something done

使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事

have something doing

让某事一直做着

5．

需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair . I was seated on the chair . 6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、

条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。

Having finished the homework , I went home . （

时间）

Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）

Given more time ,I can do my work better . （

条件

）

He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （

伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的

) He is old enough to join the army . （

结果）

7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词

= a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词

= a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do

8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：

I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来) The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行