Learning about Language教学评价实录

Book II Unit Three computers 备课参考

重点单词

1. Calculate v. [P17] (1) to use numbers to find out a total amount, distance, etc. We haven’t calculated the cost of the vacation yet.

The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon (2) to guess sth. by using all the information available It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life.

We calculate upon a hundred people attending the meeting [拓展] calculating adj.斤斤计较个人得失的，自私的

Calculation n. 计算

词组：calculate on: depend on/ rely on/ count on

We are calculating on having fine weather for the sports meeting.

2.

Universal adj.

(1) Done by all the members of a group

There was universal agreement on the issue of moral education. A warm smile is the universal language of kindness.

The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal

has been attained/realized. (2) Involving or understood by everyone in the world Stealing vegetables on QQ farm is a topic of universal interest at present in China.

(3) True or suitable in every situation.

The law of gravity is universal.

3.

simplify v. make sth simple The working process in the city where many peasant workers often live should be simplified.

[拓展] purify, classify, beautify, terrify, classify

4.

sum

n. (1) [c] an amount of money

Sid was left a large sum of money by his aunt who was very rich. John has made a huge sum of side money in the past few years Her father's promise to give her a big sum for her study abroad made her walk on air (2) calculation do one’s sum

预算

I have done my sum, and I think we can afford a holiday. v. (1)to give the main information about a speech, report and so on.

Sum up: To sum up, we need to concentrate on our basic skills training at the first beginning.

(2) to form a judgment or opinion about sth/sb.

Pat summed up the situation at the first glance.

5.

application n. (1)[C]&[U]written request There were more than three hundred applications for the ten jobs in the supermarket.

Details will be sent on application form.

(2) Practical use

A micro computer has a wide range of applications for business

Word processing is one of the most popular application software.

[拓展] apply

v. apply to 把. . .应用于,

向. . .申请

Apply for

申请

I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.

He has applied to the American consul for a visa. She applied for a job as a typist.

6. Finance

n. (1) the management of money, especially money controlled by a government, company, or large organization.

I know a colleague of yours in the finance department. (2) 资金

Governmental reward fund shall be arranged in the general budget or fund budget of finance. v. 为. . .提供资金

Though he had inherited some money he found it hard to finance himself for three years Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted 7．Explore v. (1) travel to/ around an area They launched rockets to explore space. The city is best explored on foot.

(2) Examine sth. completely to find out more about These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter 7.

8. Signal n. sth. intended to warn or give a message 信号，暗号

She made a signal with her arm for a left turn. A red lamp is often used a danger signal. v. to give a signal The policeman signaled the traffic to move forward slowly.

9. arise vi. (1)take place, happen

Some new problems have arisen in this area. We may call the police if the need arises. (2) get up, come up

I was about to arise when the telephone rang. Lucy arises early every morning to do exercise. Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause. [拓展]arise，rise和raise：

arise（arose, arisen）vi书面用语，表示“起身；起因于”等意义；rise（rose, risen）vi.一般用语，含义广泛，可以指任何一种升起动作，如“升起，上升；上涨；起身；奋起”等；

raise（raised, raised）vt.一般用语，意为“提升，举起；提出；筹集”等。例如：

①

Difficulties arose from the shortage of food supply. ②

Both the sun and the moon rise from the East. ③

You should raise your voice to make yourself heard.

重点词组

1.

have . . . in common 常用词组：

have nothing/ little/something/a lot/ much in common You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common.

I suddenly felt we had a lot in common.

2.

from then/ no/the day. . . on

从那时/现在起

From then on she knew she would win.

From now on we'll redouble our efforts. 3.

as a result:

to show the result结果

He didn’t take the wise man’s advice; as a result, he failed. He broke his leg in the accident. As a result, he has to be away from work for two or three months. [拓展] as a result of:

to show the reason 原因状语。

Richard was late for school as a result of the traffic jam. Many people lost their homes as a result of the flood. 4.

share . . . with : to use sth. at the same time as sb. else. Mary shares an apartment with five other students.

There is not an empty table. Would you mind sharing? [拓展] share in 分享，分担

His daughter did not share in the happiness.

Let's share in our troubles as well as in our joys. Share. n. 份额

Here is your share of the cake. She signed away her share in the property.

5.

as well as : conj. not only . . . but also / 和. . .一样好

He can speak Spanish as well as English She called on you as well as I．

She as well as you is an English teacher [拓展] as well

adv. 也

He is a worker，and a poet as well．

China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．

Mr．Liu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well．

6.

in a way:

to some degree 还可以说成in one way / in some ways. I think she is right in a way. Your theory is right in some ways, but it is not practical. [拓展] way phrases：by the way“顺便问，顺便说一下”；

by way of“取道，经由”；

give way to“让自己陷于（某种情绪等）；被……代替”；

in the / one’s way“妨碍；挡着……的路”；

in this / that way“用这种/那种方法”；

in no way“决不，一点也不”；

lose one’s way“迷路”；

on the / one’s way to“在去……的路上”；

make one’s way to“去，前往”；

force / fight one’s way to“突破……而前往”

7.

watch over: take care of/ look after

Please go swimming and I will watch over the clothes here.

Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday?

重点句型：

1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

First as a PC and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and home since the 19702 Over time my memory had developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.

Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me.

I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore. 2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

3. Using my intelligence is what I am all about.

附：背景材材

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Computer jargon 计算机行话

Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Examples of jargon: Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble

CPU –Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor

Data - Information stored on a computer

Disk - A place to store data.

Email - Electronic mail.

Load - Get data from a disk

Nibble - Half a Byte

Save - Put data on a disk

RAM – random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better.

USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）

WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet 

Charles Babbage

1810 entered Trinity College, Cambridge to study mathematics 1819 designed a machine to work out addition by itself. 1822 completed the machine 1834 began the first drawings of his analytical computer 

Alan Turing

1931 went to study mathematics at King’s College, Cambridge 1935 elected as a lecturer at King’s College Cambridge and designed the “universal machine to solve any mathematical problem”

1936 began his PhD at Princeton University, USA 1938 returned to UK to work on breaking German codes in WWII, and began to build machines to solve mathematical problems

1945-54 worked on designs for computers. 1954 killed himself when feeling very depressed.

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Transistor: is used to send and store information; it only takes up a small space. It made it possible for computers to be made much smaller; it led to computers becoming small and personal.