Learning about Languageppt配套的教学设计方案

Unit 2 Working the land

Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (The –ing form as the Subject & Object)

Aims To learn about the –ing form as the Subject & Object To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by reading the text aloud Language is learned in context. So let’s first review the text learned yesterday by reading it aloud. Try to force out your English slowly and clearly.

II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 11 and 12. You are to finish them in 5 minutes. III. Learning about grammar 1.

Read and identify Read the text about Yuan Longping again, paying attention to the sentences which use the –ing form as the subject and object.

In the sentence “Wishing for things, however, cost nothing.” the –ing form is used as a subject.

It can be also used as an object of the sentence. For example: Yuan Longping likes playing his violin.

2.

Consolidating by doing exercises To consolidate your understanding you will be given 10 minutes to go over exercises 1,2,3,4 and 5 on pages 12 and 13. You may just write the answer on your text book. I mean the student’s book you are working by.

III. Ready used materials for the –ing form as the Subject & Object Verbals -Gerund A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals(Participles, and Infinitives), is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

A Gerund Phrase

is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

Points to remember:

1. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun. 2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s). 3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. - 1 -

Gerund as subject:

♣ Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.

cf. The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences.

● We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive, but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning

Studying English is sometimes boring. Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. Playing chess requires great concentration.

Speaking English is always useful when traveling abroad.

● After it is not good/ it is no use /etc., we usually use the v-ing form as the real subject of the sentence.

A It(formal subject) is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure, etc. + doing…

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.

It's no use saying, ''We are doing our best.'' You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary. B It(formal subject) is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile, etc. + doing…

It is worth driving to the lake to have a look around. It is good playing chess after supper. It is useless speaking. C There is(was) no + doing There is no denying that she is very efficient. There is no telling what he is going to do. There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. Gerund as direct object: They do not appreciate my singing.

Cf. They do not appreciate my assistance.

Will you admit having broken the window? The watch needs repairing. His suggestion is worth considering. I consider it(formal object) a waste of time arguing about it. Gerund as object of preposition: The police arrested him for speeding.

Cf. The police arrested him for criminal activity.

He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk? We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties. verbs or phrases usually followed by gerund as object:

admit 承认；

excuse 原谅

；

postpone 拖延

；

fancy 想象；practise 练习；

appreciate 欣赏；

finish 完成；

prevent 防止；

avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；

propose 建议；

consider 考虑；

forgive 宽恕；

delay 耽搁；

imagine 想象；

deny 否认；

involve 涉及；resist 抵制；

risk 冒险；

dislike 讨厌；

mind 在意；

save 挽救；

miss 错过；

suggest 建议；

enjoy 喜欢；

pardon 原谅；understand 理解；

escape 逃避；permit 允许

can’t stand 忍不住；

can’t help 忍不住；

feel like 想，欲；

give up 放弃；

put off 推迟，instead of替换, look forward to期盼, object to反对, keep on坚持, see about了解, take to从事

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Read the sentences below. Select an appropriate word from the verb list. Convert it to a gerund. No gerund is used twice.

(Verb List: analyze, enroll, indicate, make, read, replace, sack, stay, study, walk, work) 1. Many people enjoyed _______along the new footpaths.

2. The students discussed ________together to complete the assignment. 3. The judge delayed _______a decision because new evidence had been presented _______ that an adjournment was in the best interests of justice. 4. The new manager advocated _______twenty per cent of the staff as a matter of principle.

5. Because Geraldine enjoyed ________history she decided _______in a PhD was a good thing to do.

6. Not all students enjoy _________literature, some just prefer ________for pleasure. 7. She hated _______up so late. 8. The mechanic discussed _______the filters when the car would be due for its next service.

Keys:

walking; working; making; indicating; sacking; studying; enrolling; analyzing; reading; staying; replacing

IV. Closing down by doing a quiz 巩固练习: 动名词要点单项选择测验

1. While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ into buying something they don't really need.

A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

2. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

-The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

3. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden?

A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

4. -What do you think made Mary so upset?

- ________ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

5. -We don't allow anyone ________ here.

-Well, I hate to say it again. We don't allow ________ here.

A. to smoke; smoking

B. smoking; to smoke

C. to smoke; to smoke

D. smoking; smoking

6. They thought there is no trouble ________ their favorite brand from other brands.

A. to tell

B. telling

C. tell

D. told

7. Some birds finally reach home by accidentally ________ landmarks which they recognize.

A. to come across B. coming around C. coming across D. to come around

8. Millions of pounds have been spent ________ the free state education system in Britain.

A. to improving B. in improving C. to improve D. to have improved

9. A large glass of water before you eat may help ________ too excited before delicious foods.

A. to keep you from getting

B. to carry you from getting

C. to prevent you to get

D. to stop you to get

10. ________ for school once in a while often makes Mr. Smith angry.

A. Tom being late B. Tom to be late C. For Tom being late D. Tom's being late

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(Key: 1-5 CBCCA 6-10 BCBAD )

Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language (Organic Farming) Aims To enjoy reading the passage Organic Farming To use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by listening and reading aloud Language is created to be listened to and spoken first. So open your book to page 13 and read it aloud while listening to the recording. Watch your pauses between the thought groups.

II. Guided reading 1. Reading and underlining

Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from ORGANIC FARMING gain a meaning 有某种含义, refer to…与……有关；提到，说到或涉及到；参考，参阅, make the soil fertile使得土壤肥沃, natural waste from animals动物的粪便, put…in the field把……放在土里, make the soil rich使得土壤肥沃, become healthy变得健康, develop a healthy soil改良健康的土壤, reduce diseases 减少疾病, grow strong and healthy变得强壮而且健康, keep…free from…使……脱离……, leave…in the ground把……留在土里, as a result因此, get exhausted变得无力, kill bacteria and pests杀死细菌和害虫, insist on…坚持, change crops改变作物, be followed by…紧跟着, put…back into …把……放回到……, need a deeper level of soil需要深层的土壤, prefer doing sth宁愿/喜欢做某事, plant…between crops在两种作物之间种……, prevent…from…阻止……做……, carry away…把……带走, make sure that 确保……

3. Doing exercises

Now you are going to do exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 14.

4. Listening Turn to page 14 and then 15 for the listening exercises 1, 2 and 3.

Are you ready?

5. Reading, speaking and writing When trying to argue people into or out of doing something we may use the following expressions:

I would rather…

I’d prefer…because

Should I / we…?

I don’t like…because…

It’s a great pity that…

It’s better to…

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This is good value because…

What is the advantage of…?

If I have a choice I’d choose…because

You need to…

In pairs you are to make up a dialogue to argue each other into or out adopting organic farming. Get started.

III. Guided writing

1. Writing a poster Writing a poster which includes all the information about the uses of computer so that you will encourage more farmers to buy and use. You are asked to base your poster on the overall pattern of the article you have learned. Limit your poster to between 200 and 250 words.

2. Writing a speech

Write a speech for Professor Yuan Longping. He is to attend an international conference on modern agriculture. You may also make use of the library and network resources for the task.

IV. Further applying

1. Finding information Read online to find as much information as possible about Professor Yuan Longping and his research group. Share your findings with your partner next time you are here.

2. Writing a report Go back home to interview your parents or your grandparents about China’s agriculture, its past and present situations. Write a report in English in about 500 words as a weekly project.

3. Acting a text play Turn either one of the two articles into a text play. Rehearse it and play it in front of the class. The play shall last at least 10 minutes. IV. Closing down Closing down by filling a form To end the period, please fill in the form below. What is organic farming? definition potentials For reference: What is organic farming? definition potentials crops growing with natural rather than chemical fertilizers. making the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile; developing a healthy soil for crops growing strong and healthy characteristics using natural waste from animals

characteristics

Closing down by imaging Imagine and write about what the agriculture will be like 50 years from now in the future. Use your imagination to compete for “wild thinking prize”.

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