Learning about Language优秀教案

现在完成时讲解

一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) →被动形式_________

e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

Have you finished your homework? What have you learnt up to now?

①肯定句：____________________________________→被动形式_________ ②否定句：____________________________________→被动形式_________ ③一般疑问句：________________________________________→被动形式_________ ④特殊疑问句：__________________________________________→被动形式_________ 二、用法

1）

现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

2）

现在完成时的"未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.

Mary has been ill for three days.

Mary has been ill since three days ago. 三、常和现在完成时连用的时间状语

注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，

2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, still等:

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet ?

3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等:

Have you ever been to Beijing

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman several times.

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:

Peter has written six papers so far.

Up to the present, everything has been successful.

5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.

We have had four texts this semester.

6.for+一段时间

/During +一段时间

7.自从__________ 8.在过去的…___________ 9.某人第几次做某事________________________________

注意区分句型：某人是第几个做某事的人________________________________________ 10. these days/years/months 11.最近_________________________ 12.到…末的时候，到…为止________________ 四、考查方向

（一）、考查其构成

1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.

3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have （二）、考查其用法与标志词

1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

-______you______ your homework yet?

A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed

C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed

(三)、当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：

1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.

A. after B. before C. since D. for 1

2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 3. I______a letter from him since he left.

A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard （四）、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：

1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?

-Yes, I have.

A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been Has your brother been away from home for a long time?

（离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left

常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：

1、go—be away

2、come—be here

3、come back—be back

4、leave—be away（be not here）

5、buy—have

6、borrow—keep

7、die——be dead

8、begin——be on

9、finish—be over

10、open——be open

11、close——be closed

12、lose——be lost

13、get to know—know

14、turn on—be on

15、get up——be up

16、sit down—sit/beseated

17、join—be in（…）或be a…member

18、become—be （五）、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：

1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子) 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)

________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.

3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.

A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming

☆英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别☆

一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。

常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬间性动词:

表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。

常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等

瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：

（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换

He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.

（他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined

She has been up for quite some time.

（她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up

（2）用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词

例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）

（1）The film has been on for five minutes.

（2）It’s five minutes since the film began.

他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）

（1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.

（2）It is three days since he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）

It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.

他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）

How long is it since be found his sister? 4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用

例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）

2

现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .

Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

have known

Ｃ.

must know

Ｄ. will know 2、He has

_______ been to Shanghai, has he?

Ａ.

already

Ｂ. never

Ｃ. ever

Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？

Ａ.

just

Ｂ. ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country

______ a lot so far .

—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.

Ａ. has

changed ; well

Ｂ.

changed; good

Ｃ. has

changed ; better

Ｄ.

changed; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already

______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was; studying

Ｂ. will; study

Ｃ. has; studied

Ｄ. are; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ. have

known

Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .

Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really? When _____ there?

Ａ. will they go

Ｂ.

did they go

Ｃ. do they go

Ｄ.

have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.

Did; do; finished

Ｂ.

Have; done; finished

Ｃ.

Have; done; have finished

Ｄ.

will; do; finish 11、

His father

______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ.

joined

Ｂ.

has joined

Ｃ.

was in

D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?

—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ.

were

Ｂ. have been

Ｃ. have become

Ｄ. have made

13、—How long have you

____ here ?

—About two months.

Ａ.

been

Ｂ.

gone

Ｃ.

come

Ｄ. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.

Ａ.

has begun

Ｂ. had begun

Ｃ.

has been on

Ｄ. began 15、

It _____ ten

years since he left the army .

Ａ.

is

Ｂ. has

Ｃ. will

Ｄ. was 16、

Miss Green isn't in the office. she _______ to the library.

Ａ. has gone

Ｂ. went

Ｃ.will go

Ｄ.

has been

17、My parents ______

Shandong for ten years.

Ａ.

have been in

Ｂ. have been to

Ｃ.

have gone to

Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,

?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、

has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he

to China? A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、

His uncle

for more than 9 years. A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university 二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed,

?（改成反意疑问句）

2、They have been here since 2000.

(对划线部分提问)

have they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He

for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory

________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.

(同义句转换) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________. 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

三、汉译英。

1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just） 2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never) 3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 5. 他们已去了美国五年了。(for) 6. 在1992年他住在这里。(since) 3