Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending课堂实录

Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (SAILING THE OCEANS) Aims To help students read about sailing the oceans

Procedures ■Warming up by leaning about navigator

What is a navigator? A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. What is exploration? Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.

In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon. ■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages

In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits... ■Warming up by looking and listening

Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. I. Pre-reading

What are navigational instruments?

●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations. ●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating

artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot compass - navigational instrument for finding directions depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee II. Reading for forms

Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. SAILING THE OCEANS We may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ship's position/ on a map．The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century

/show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids．So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia．

Page l：

Using nature to help

Keeping alongside the coastline

This seems to have been the first /and most useful form of exploration /which carried the minimum amount of risk．

Using celestial bodies

North Star At the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest position /in the sky, but at the equator /it is along the horizon．So /accomplished navigators were able to use it /to plot their positions．

Sun On a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead /at midday to navigate by．They can use the height of the sun /to work out their latitude．

Clouds Sea captains observed the clouds /over islands. There is a special cloud formation /which indicates /there is land/ close by. Using wildlife

Seaweed Sailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been there．If it was flesh /and smelled strongly，then /the ship was close to land．

Birds Sea birds could be used to show the way/ to land /when it was nowhere to be seen．In the evening /nesting birds return to land /and their nests．So /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if they were offshore/ and in the open sea．

Using the weather

Fog Fog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or rivers．Seamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land．

Winds Wise seamen used the winds/ to direct their sailing．They could accelerate the speed，but they could also be dangerous．So /the Vikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys．

Using the sea Certain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination. These skills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands．They increased their ability/ to navigate new seas/ when they used instruments．