Learning about LanguagePPT及专用教学设计内容

Module 2 Unit 3 Computers Learning about language

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.They ______________(tell) about it many times and I believe they will pay attention to it. 2.Great changes___________________(take) place in the city in the past three years. 3.My sister is working at the power station that _____________________(use) for just one year. 4.Till now,three films______________________________(show) in that small village this month. 5.No books ___________________(buy) since last week. (Keys: 1. have been told

2. have taken

3. has been used

4. have been shown

5. have been bought)

二、读下列句子,选出含有被动语态的句子

1.The boy has lost the key to the classroom. 2.Lots of questions have been asked by the students around me. 3.This is the first time I have ridden a horse. 4.I have studied English for about ten years. 5.His homework has been done. 6.A new library has been built in our school. 7.I’ve never heard of anything about it.

8.His computer has been repaired by the young woman. 含有被动语态的句子: 2, 5, 6, 8 归纳:现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:

have/has+ been+及物动词过去分词

三、读下列句子,试着把可以变为被动语态的句子改为被动语态

例句:We have used the computer for two years. →The computer has been used (by us) for two years.

1.How many words have you learned? 2.They have already got up. 3.He has translated those books into Chinese. 4.This building belongs to our company. 5.

She has bought some flowers for her mother. 6.We should pay attention to our spelling and grammar. 7.Can you meet our need? 8.Are you free the day after tomorrow? (keys: 1. How many words have been learned (by you)?

2.

不能变为被动语态。

3.

Those books have been translated into Chinese by him.

4.

不能变为被动语态。

5.

Some flowers have been bought by her for her mother. 6.

Attention should be paid to our spelling and grammar. 7.

Can our need be met by you?

8.

不能变为被动语态。

)

四、欣赏下面的笑话,画出含有被动语态的句子

A:Granny,may I ask if you have strong teeth? B:Strong teeth?All my teeth have been pulled out by a bad dentist (牙医). A:Good.Keep these nuts for me,will you?I’ll play football for half an hour.Of course I don’t mind if the nuts are eaten up. 答案:A:Granny,may I ask if you have strong teeth? B:Strong teeth?All my teeth have been pulled out by a bad dentist (牙医). A:Good.Keep these nuts for me,will you?I’ll play football for half an hour.Of course I don’t mind if the nuts are eaten up.

五、长难句分析：

By the time I was sixteen,my dream had come true. 到我十六岁时,我的梦想成为现实。

剖析本句的时间状语从句为一般过去时,主句为过去完成时态。又如: By the end of last year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到去年年底,亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。

归纳:当by the time后接一般过去时的句子时,其主句应用过去完成时态。

当by the time后接一般现在时的句子时,其主句用将来完成时态。如: By the time you return,we will have started the work. 到你回来时,我们将已经开始这项工作了。

考点come true实现,成为现实

His dream of being admitted to Oxford University is difficult to come true. 他被牛津大学录取的梦想很难实现。

come true和realize的区别: I believe your dream will be realized. =I believe your dream will come true. =I believe your dream will become a reality. 我相信你的梦想会实现。

归纳:come true作为“实现”讲,是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动结构。

realize作为“实现”讲时,是及物动词,后接宾语,可用于被动结构。表示“成为现实”,也可以用become a reality来表达。

六、Grammar:现在完成时的被动语态

考点一现在完成时的被动语态的定义和构成

现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时的被动语态由“has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

注意各种句式变化。下面以动词teach为例,列表说明现在完成时的被动语态的句式变化:

肯定句

否定句

I have been taught. He/She/It has been taught. We/You/They have been taught.

I have not been taught. He/She/It has not been taught. We/You/They have not been taught.

疑问句

一般疑问句: Have I been taught?

Has he/she/it been taught? Have we/you/they been taught?

特殊疑问句: Who has been taught? Where have you been taught?

肯定回答: Yes,you have.

Yes,he/she/it has. Yes,we/you/they have.

否定回答: No,you haven’t. No,he/she/it hasn’t. No,we/you/they haven’t.

简略回答: We have. In the classroom.

考点二现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项

1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

主动:We have built many houses in the past ten years. 被动:Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 2)带有双宾语的动词,如

give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, offer, hand ,pass, get, promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留在原处。

主动:I have given him the book. 被动:He has been given the book. 被动:The book has been given to him. 注意:带有双宾语的动词在由主动语态变为被动语态时,一般把表示“人”的宾语(间接宾语)变为主语。

3)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处,改称为主语补足语。原来为省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

主动:I have asked him to help you. 被动:He has been asked to help you. 主动:I have made him work hard. 被动:He has been made to work hard. 4)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持其完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词切不可遗漏。

主动:He has referred to the book. 被动:The book has been referred to (by him). 主动:He has thought of a way of doing it. 被动:A way of doing it has been thought of. 5)由主动语态变为被动语态时要注意主谓一致。

主动:He has written three novels. 被动:Three novels have been written (by him). 考点三现在完成时的被动语态的高考考点

序号

考点内容

考查现在完成考点1

时的被动语态的构成

考查现在完成考点2

进行时的被动语态

注意事项

要分清句子该用现在完成时的主动语态还是被动语态,如果用被动语态,其构成为:have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词。

被动语态没有完成进行时态,主动语态的现在完成进行时改为被动语态时用现在完成时,依此类推。如:He has been teaching me since I came to the school.改为被动语态为:I have been taught by him since I came to the school.

序号

考点内容

注意事项

含有疑问词的现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:1)疑问词(做主语)+has+been+过去分词+...?如:What has been bought by them?他们已经买了什么东西? 考查含2)疑问词(做主语)+have+been+过去分词+...?有疑问如:Who have been given the books by the 词的现teacher?谁已经得到老师发的书籍? 考点3

在完成3)疑问词(做定语)+复数名词+have+been+过去时的被分词+...?如:How many stories have been told by 动语态

the old woman?这位老太太已经讲了多少个故事? 4)疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词+...?如:Where has the meeting been held?这次会议在哪儿召开的?

序号

考点内容

注意事项

把握好现在完成时的时间状语,对于做好这类试题有很大帮助。主要分为以下几类: (1)以现在为参照的时间状语,如:just,already,yet,before,once等。

考查现(2)包括现在时间在内的时间状语,在完成如:now,today,this morning,this month,this year考点4

时的时等。

间状语

(3)表示一段时间的状语,如:so far,(ever)since,(for) a few hours,(for)a long time,(for)long,for/in/over/during the last few years等,表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。

序号

考点内容

注意事项

(4)现在完成时不能与确定的过去时间状语连考点4

用,如:in 1980,yesterday,the day before yesterday,three years ago,last month等。

情态动词与现在完成时连用时主要分为以下几种情况: 考查现(1)should/ought to have been done“本该被做,事在完成实上没有做”, 表示责备。

时的被(2)should not have been done/oughtn’t to have 考点5

动语态been done“本不该被做,而事实上做了”, 表示责与情态备。

动词连(3)must have been done“一定被做了”,其否定式用

为:can’t have been done/couldn’t have been done“不可能被做了”。

序号

考点内容

注意事项

(4)could have been done“本来能够被做”,事实上没有做成。

(5)may/might have been done “可能已经被做考点5

了”,表示对过去发生的情况的推测。

(6)would/should/could/might (not) have been done构成虚拟语气。

活学活用

语法填空

1)(2015·重庆高考改编)In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat________________(cut). 2)(2015·天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement

_________________(reach) so far by the two sides. 3)(2015·福建高考改编)The battle lasts little more than half an hour,in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes __________________(throw) at anyone or anything that moves,runs,or fights back. 4)(2015·浙江高考改编)In most cities the sky looks as though it_______________(empty) of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark. (Keys: 1.has been cut 2.

has been reached

3.

have been thrown 4.

has been emptied)