Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt配套的教学设计及说课稿

Teaching Plan for Module 9

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Reading

Teaching Aims

Learning ability goals

Help to improve the students’ reading ability. Let the students have some knowledge of early navigational methods. Explain how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the 17 century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.

Help the students to talk about how to sail the ocean in the past and now. thAbility goals

Enable the students talk about the methods of early navigation. Enable the students to how to sail the ocean. Emotion goals Help the students learn the excellent qualities from navigator. Help the students cooperate with each other in study Teaching important and difficult point

How to help the students understand the reading passage better. How to improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching methods ：

a.

Scanning the text to get the general idea of it. b.

Carefully reading to finish the Comprehending exercises on page 14. c.

Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better. Teaching aids

Multi-media computer;

PowerPoint Teaching procedures

Step1 Warming-up Show the students some pictures to see if they can identify the early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they used. StepII Reading 1

Warming-up

Task one

Discuss the questions on page11. Q1:What is a navigator?

A navigator explores new routes across the sea. Q2:What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?

Navigator is sb. who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments.

Explorer is sb. Who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it. Very often navigators are also explorers.

2.Look at the pictures of these famous people. Are they navigators or explorers?

Step II Pre-reading The four basic instruments for navigation: compass, astrolabe, sextant and nautical charts. a compass showing the direction of magnetic north.

the astrolabe: consisting of a disc and pointer, formerly used to measure the height and position of the sun, as an aid in navigation.

a sea/ marine /nautical chart: a geographical map especially for navigation by sea.

a sea/ marine /nautical chart: a geographical map especially for navigation by sea.

Task-Disscusions: Have the students in groups to make a discussions. Q1:How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of

navigation were invented? Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.

Q2.: Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude? Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.

Q 3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?

1) compass (in ancient China)

2) astrolabe

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3) sextant

4) sea / nautical / marine chart

1.Fast-reading

Have the students read the passage fast to find the answers to the questions: How did seamen explore the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position?

Using nature



Keeping alongside the coastline



Using celestial bodies



Using wildlife



Using the weather



Using the sea

Using celestial bodies

North Star

to plot the positions Sun

to work out the latitude Clouds

a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close by Using wildlife

Seaweed

If seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly, the ship was close to land. Birds

Seabirds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. Using the weather Fog

To help identify the position of a stream or river when …

Wind To direct their sailing Para2 1).What skills did sailors use to explore the seas and discover new lands?

Using

navigational instruments

the bearing circle

(方位圆) to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday.

the astrolabe

(星盘)

to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.

the quadrant

(象限仪, 四分仪)

a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position)

the sextant

(六分仪)

an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the 3

angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ship’s position).

2).Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1. What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant?

(

)

A. to set the course of the ship

B. to measure the position of the ship

C. to measure the speed of the ship

D. to tell the time 2. When did early sailors have a practical method of measuring longitude? The 17th century. 3. Which is more precise and simplified, the astrolabe or the quadrant? The quadrant. 4. How did early seamen use weather during the navigation? They used fog and winds. 5. What does seaweed look like when it is near land? It looks fresh and has strong smell 6. Where are we now when the North Star is along the horizon? The equator. Careful-Reading Task Have the students to read the passage carefully to finish the exercises: A:Read the passage carefully decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F). 1. Before modern instruments were invented, people hardly used any

navigation.

(

) 2. Early sailors could use the height of the sun to work out their latitude. (

) 3. Seamen can’t sail the sea if they don’t

know latitude and longitude. (

)

4. Wind could accelerate sailing speed and it was always safe and easy to

use.(

) 5. The compass always indicates the North Pole, and seamen could find the direction that the ship needed to go with its help.(

) B: Read the passage carefully and

then answer the questions 1) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?

Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can 4

work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.

2) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?

The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship’s position.

Dicussions:

Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups. 1) What skills would you seek in your sailors? 2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey? 3. Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them. What would you do if:

Plan of action You were far from land and a storm arose. You knew your latitude but didn’t know your longitude. You were blown off course.

You were offshore but you needed more food and water. wait till the storm is over, and then find your new

position and return to your original course use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate

longitud use the compass

and the astrolabe, quadrant or sextant to find out your position, return to your former course

follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land You wanted to keep a straight course.

You were lost with no land in sight.

use a compass measure your position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or seaweed to show that land is nearby

Post reading

1. From the reading passage we have learned ___. 5

A. why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B. that there is useful information in an encyclopedia C. that early sailors went exploring the seas

using their skills and simple instruments D. why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship’s position

2. The reading passage mainly wants to tell us___. A. that keeping alongside the coastline is first and most useful form of exploration B. about the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans C. that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ship’s position on a map

D. how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments StepIII Homework 1. Review this passage. 2. Preview Learning about language.

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