Learning about Language第一课时教学设计

Unit 2 Working the land

Learning about Language Teaching Important Points Learn how to use the -ing form as a noun.

Teaching Difficult Points Learn to use the -ing form as a subject as well as an object.Teaching Methods Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ answers of the exercises;individual,pair or group work to finish each task.

Teaching Aids A multi-media computer A blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Learn some key words:

trial,consider,prove,tell the truth,pretend,think highly of,besides Learn some important drills:

I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.Besides,my father once told me that any person who finds something could keep it.

I must say that I agree with you.

I must say that I don’t agree with you.

Help the students learn how to use the -ing form as a noun.

Enable the students to learn how to make judgments and give their opinions.Process and Strategies The teacher may lead the students to sum up some grammatical items themselves.Give some necessary explanation.

Feelings and Value Through the studying of this part the students will know more about the -ing form as a

noun.Besides,their ability of transference will be strengthened.

Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision 1.Greetings.

T:Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing as a noun.So at first who can tell me what a noun can be used as in a sentence?And please give me some examples.

S:It can be used as subject.For example:Smoking is harmful to our health.

T:Now I think you have known how to use the v.-ing as subject.But how about others?

S:It can also be used as object.For example:I have forgotten seeing this film.

T:You are right.The v.-ing

form can be used as object,too.Now let’s come to know more about it.

T:Very good.(The teacher may give a systematical explanation of the grammar.)动名词

一、概述

和不定式一样,动名词也是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由动词原形加-ing构成。动名词有主动和被动两种语态,有一般式,完成式和进行式三种形式。如下表所示: 时

态

语

一般式

完成式

完成进行式

态

主动

doing having done having been doing 被动

being done having been done 无

动名词仍保留有动词的特征,可以和自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状语等构成动名词短语。动名词具有名词的功能,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

二、动名词的否定式

动名词的否定式通常是在动名词前加否定词not。例如:

I apologize for my not having kept promise.

我没能遵守诺言,十分抱歉。

I regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉不能帮助你。

1.作主语

动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式:

(1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。

Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.

捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。

Learning new words is very important for me.学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

Talking is easier than doing。说比做容易。

(2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun，no use,worth等。例如:

It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.It’s worth making the effort.和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

这事值得去做。

(3)在there be结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do...”。例如:

There is no hiding of evil but not to do it.若要人不知,除非己莫为。

There was no knowing when he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。

注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的比较:

动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。例如:

Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.

到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。

Doing nothing is doing ill.什么也不做就是作恶。

归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:

It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的

There is no doing 无法……,不允许……

There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理

There is/was no use doing 干……无意义

There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比……更糟的

There is/was no point doing 干……无意义

注意:There is no need to do sth.干……没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing。

There is no need to tell her.没有必要告诉她。

2.作动词的宾语

动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。

（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike, delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand等。如:

I can’t avoid going.

我不能不去。

Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位挚友?

这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。

（2）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by, mean,forget,remember,hate等。

A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。例如:

I considered going,but I have this composition to write.我考虑要去,可是我要写这篇作文。

当begin/start 与see,think,feel,understand等动词连用时,用不定式。例如:

They began to understand how important the forest is.他们开始明白森林有多么重要。

begin/start用进行式时,只能后接不定式。例如:

I was beginning to wonder if it was easy enough to go on the climbing.我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。

C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,例如:

I remember posting the letter.I’ll remember to post the letter.

我记得我已把信寄了。

我会记着去寄信的。

D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如try to do (设法),try doing (试试),mean to do (打算,有意要做),mean doing (意思是,意味着)。例如:

We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。

我们用别的方法做这工作试试。

Let’s try doing the working in some other way.E.go on doing 和go on to do

go on doing继续做一直在做的事;go on to do接着做另一件事。例如:

Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做这同一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。

F.stop doing与stop to do

stop doing停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:

We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。

We stopped to talk.我们停了下来去谈话。

3.作介词的宾语

动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

A.介词+动名词,如:

We’ve got

to think of ways of changing people’s habits.I apologize for being so angry with you.B.动词+介词+动名词,例如:

I insist on taking proper food for this expedition.我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。

Instead of smiling,each of them made a face.同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。

下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。

Step2 Homework

我们得想些办法改变人们的习惯。

我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。

1.Finish the related exercises on Workbook.

2.Prepare for the next class.

3.Finish the exercises about the -ing form as the subject and object.