Using LanguageⅠ教学设计及教案分析

二

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

①

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。

e.g. The man who came here yesterday has come again. ②

非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。

e.g.

1). Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. 2). He lives in another town, which is only about an hour’s ride from here.

3). Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 4). They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语), whom(宾语),指物时须用which.而且不能省略。

形式上

意义上

译法上

限制性定语从句

不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

非限制性定语从句

用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删只是对先行词的补充说明，

除，主句则失去意义或意思表达如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

不完整。

译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

通常译成主句的并列句。

不可省略

不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 作宾语时可省略

关系词的使可用that 用上

C．可用who 代替whom

【注意事项】关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

He married her, as/which was natural. He was honest, as/which we can see.

1

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后；

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. as引导非限制性定语从句

as常常有“正如、正像”的含义

如：As is known to all，China is a developing country．

He is from the south，as we can know from his accent．

as引导非限制性定从固定短语：

众所周知

As we (all) know = As is known( to us all) 2.正如某人所料

As sb (had) expected = As was/had been expected 3. 正如某人所说

As sb put it= As sb said 4.正如谚语所说

As an/the old saying goes: “……”. 5. 正如上文所提

As is mentioned above 6.情况经常是这样

As is often the case （二）as引导限定性定语从句时可以充当主语，宾语和表语；且经常和such, so, the same等词搭配使用；及当先行词中有such, so, the same等词修饰时，关系代词通常必须用as。如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells。

Have you brought the same book as I referred to yesterday?

I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out. 比较: This is so difficult a question that no one can work it out. 注意:先行词中有the same修饰时，定语从句也可用that引导，但意思上有区别，the same…as表示与此相同一类的,the same…that表示的是同一个。例如: 1).This is the same book as I lost. 2).This is the same book that I lost. ex

This is such a good book _____ everyone likes it. This is such a good book ______everyone likes. This is so good a book _____ everyone likes it. This is so good a book _____ everyone likes. This is the same book _______ I lost yesterday. 这本书和我昨天丢的一模一样。

This is the same book _______ I lost yesterday. 这本书就是我昨天丢的。

关于as的固定短语：

Ex: 正如谚语所说：“不到长城非好汉”。

众所周知,长城是中国的象征. (symbol)

情况经常是这样，他第一个来教室，最后一个离开教室。

他通过了考试，正如我们所料。

正如上文所提，我不同意你。

正如培根所说：”知识就是力量”。

EX 1)____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. As 2 __is known to everybody, the moon travels the earth once every month A. it

B. As

C. That

D. What 3) ______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A．When

B．After

C．As

D．Since 4)______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What 5) __is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior schools is increasing．

2 A．Which

B．As

C．That

D. \ 6) His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A．which

B．that

C．where

D．It 7). Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,

, of course , made the others envy him .

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which 8) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who

B．which

C．this

D．What Exercise: 1 Don’t talk about such things ______ you don’t understand. 2 Let children read such books ______ will make them better and wiser. 3 We’re facing the same problems ______we did years ago. 4 It is as pleasant a film _______ I have ever seen. 5 Here is so big a stone ______ no one can lift. 6 This is the same village______ it used to be. 7 These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000上海春季) A. like

B. as

C. that

D. which EX：

1______was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which

B. That

C. This

D. As 2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment______ Greek letters.

A. as , are

B. as, is

C. that, are

D. that, is 3. I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he drank immediately . A. that

B. as

C. which

D. who 4. She is very good at dance, ____everybody knows. A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as 5. It was raining, _____ was a pity. A. what

B. that

C. the which

D. which 6. ______has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. As 7. We do the same work _____ they do.

A. which

B. as

C. than

D. like 8. The earth is round, _____ we all know. A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

二、关系词的判定

唯一标准就是看先行词在从句中的成分。place 不一定与where连用，time不一定与when连用，reason不一定与why连用。

This is the place ________ a traffic accident happened yesterday. This is the place _______ he visited yesterday. This is the place ________ he has lived for many years. This is the place ________ he has worked for many years. Can you tell me the time _________ he will finish his homework? This is the time ________ you told me. This is the time ______ he spent with his parents. The reason ____ he was late for class was that his alarm clock was broken. The reason _____ he explained to me is reasonable. 三、way(方式) 是一个特殊的先行词，在从句中做状语时，关系词为____, _________, _______ eg: 1) The way _____ he explained to us was quite simple. 2) The way _____ he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. 3) What surprised me was not what he said but the way ______ he said it. 四、介词的选择：一看搭配，二看语境

1)(09陕西11)Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

2)(08四川4)For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， New York is an example. A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which 3)(08福建31)By nine o’clock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma， appeared a rare rainbow soon. A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which 4)(05广东35)Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. A.that C.which D.in which 5) Safety in schools has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _____ students got injured or killed while in school. A．in which B．for which C．which D．when 6) He is the man _______ house the pictures were stolen. A. from which

B. from who

C. from whom

D. from whose 五、注意定语从句的主谓一致

He is one of the students who ________ (like) English. He is the only one of the students who ________(like) English. I, who ____ (be) very busy, can’t help them at the moment.

3 The teacher as well as the students who _____ (like) English _____ (be) preparing for the coming contest. 六、数词或最高级+of which/whom = of which/whom+数词或最高级

He has ten cousins, three/half/the most of whom are clever.=_________________________ He has ten pictures, the most beautiful of which is given by his friend. =______________________________ 七、定语从句与其他句式的转化：

He works with 7 people , six of _____ are women. He works with 7 people , and six of _____ are women. A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. them Eco-travel is to enjoy the pleasure of travel and protect the environment, ____ is very popular now. Eco-travel is to enjoy the pleasure of travel and protect the environment, ____ is very popular now. A. this

B. what

C. which

D. it ______ he said is right. All ________ he said id right. A. What

B. what

C. that

D. which _____ is known ( to all), Beijing is the capital of China. ____ is known that Beijing is the capital of China. ____ is known is that Beijing is the capital of China. A. What

B. That

C. As

D. It