Learning about Language教学设计实例

非

谓

语

动

词

I. 现在分词

一. 概述: 1. 可担当除谓语外的任何部分

2. 不能单独作谓语, 但仍保留动词的若干特点可以有自己的宾语和状语

e.g. His father’s job is coping some papers carefully.

宾语

状语

二．作定语：

1．表所修饰词语的用途

e.g. writing desk

drinking water

swimming pool 2. 含有进行和主动的意思

e.g. I know the young man giving the speech.

= I know the young man who is giving the speech. 3. 表经常性的动作或状态

e.g. The factory making computers is very famous.

(动作)

I live in a room facing the South.

(状态) 4. 现在分词是单词组成的, 作前置定语; 现在分词是短语组成的, 作后置定语

e.g. The running girl is Mary.

This is the path leading to the park.

三．作宾语补足语：

常跟在以下动词之后作宾语补足语, 表示动作正在进行或状态正在持续

(listen, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, find, look at, smell, feel, keep, leave, have etc.) e.g. They kept me waiting there for two hours.

They saw the girl playing. 注意: 句子的宾语与现在分词有逻辑上的主谓关系

四. 作主语：

1. 表示抽象化的概念, 经常性的行为

e.g. Seeing is believing. 2. 单个的动名词作主语, 用单数的谓语动词; 并列的多个动名词作主语, 用复数的谓语

动词

e.g. Listening and speaking are the basic steps of learning English. 3. it作形式主语

e.g. It is no use crying.

= Crying is no use.

It is no good reading in the sun.

= Reading in the sun is no good.

五. 作表语: 1. 表示抽象的, 习惯性的动作

e.g. His hobby is painting.

2. 作表语的现在分词与进行时的现在分词的区分

作表语: 表示主语的特征或状态

进行时: 表示正在进行的动作

e.g. The news is encouraging.

(表语) The news is encouraging the people.

(进行时)

六. 作宾语: 1. 作动词的宾语

(有些动词和词组之后只能跟现在分词) (allow, admit, consider, enjoy, keep, prevent, suggest, mind, finish, avoid etc.)

e.g. He suggested staying here. 2. 作介词的宾语

(insist on, prevent…from…, be used to, be proud of, spend…in…, be busy, look forward to, be interested in, be good at, have difficulty in, succeed in etc.)

e.g. I am proud of being a Chinese. 3. it作形式宾语

主语

+ 谓语动词

+ it + no + 名词

+ 现在分词

e.g. I found it no use studying hard.

七. 作状语: 1. 作时间状语

a. On + 现在分词

(句首)

“一…就…”

e.g. On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. b. When / While + 现在分词

(句首)

“当…”

e.g. While playing the piano, she got very excited. c. Having + 过去分词

/ After + 现在分词

“在…之后”

e.g. Having received his letter, I decided to write back.

After receiving his letter, I decided to write back. 2. 作原因状语

a. Having + 过去分词

e.g. Having received he letter, he decided to go to Beijing. b. 现在分词

e.g. Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 3. 让步状语

(有时可以带although, whether, even if, even though)

e.g. Although working hard, he couldn’t get enough food. 4. 方式, 伴随状语

(说明动作发生的背景或情况)

e.g. They came into the house, singing and dancing.

They solved the problem, using the way. 注意: 现在分词的动作是次要的, 主句谓语动词的动作是主要的

5. 结果状语

e.g. The bus broke down, thus causing the delay.

II. 动词不定式: 第

1 页

共

6 页

一. 概述: 1. 没有人称和数的变化

2. 不受主语人称和谓语时态的干扰

3. 可充当除谓语外的其它任何成分

4. 不能单独作谓语, 但仍保留动词的若干特点可以有自己的宾语和状语

e.g. He ordered to show my passport quickly.

宾语

状语

二. 作主语:

(表具体的, 一次性的, 含有将来意味的动作) 1. 动词不定式作主语, 其后的表语若为动词, 通常也用动词不定式作表语

e.g. To see is to believe. 2. 动词不定式作主语, 通常用作it形式主语来代替

e.g. To pass the exam is easy.

= It is easy to pass the exam. a. It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth.

(for sb. --- 动词不定式的动作是谁做的)

e.g. It is important for us to study. b. It is / was + adj. + of sb. to do sth.

(of sb. --- 动词不定式的逻辑主语的品行, 特点, 性格等)

e.g. It is clever of him to leave there. c. It takes sb. some time to do sth.

e.g. It takes me three hours to finish my homework.

注意: 当动词不定式作主语, 其表语又是一个动词不定式时, 不能用it作形式主语

3. 单个的动词不定式作主语, 谓语动词用单数; 并列的动词不定式作主语, 谓语动词用复数.

e.g. To study and to play are all important.

三. 作表语: 1. 常跟在以下动词后作表语

(see, appear, be, remain, get --- 用来说明主语的内容)

e.g. Her wish is to become a teacher. 2. 动词不定式作主语, 其后的表语若为动词, 通常也用动词不定式作表语

3. What one wants to do is to do…

e.g. What I want to do is to grow up quickly. (作表语的动词不定式与主语之间如果存在动宾关系, 常常要用动词不定式的被动语态)

e.g. The homework is to be done quickly. 注意: 主语

(事物) + be + 动词不定式

(表示主语的内容)

e.g. His plan is to clean the room.

主语

(人) + be + 动词不定式

(表示将来, 即将要发生的事)

e.g. He is to clean the room.

四. 作宾语: 1. 作动词的宾语, 常跟在以下动词后使用

(appear, seem, prepare, want, ask, hope, wish, plan, decide, agree, expect etc.)

e.g. I want to go to school. 2. wh- 疑问词之后接动词不定式, 常跟在以下动词后使用

(tell, know, teach, learn, show, advise, decide etc.)

e.g. I don’t know what to do. 3. 作介词的宾语, 常跟在以下介词后使用

(besides, except, but)

e.g. There is nothing to do but (to) wait.

What do you like to do besides (to) play football?

五. 作定语:

(只能作后置定语, 与被修饰词之间是动宾或主谓关系, 常表将来的动作或含情态意味的动作) 1. 放在名词, 代词之后

e.g. I have a lot of work to do.

(to do与work之间有动宾关系, 但用主动表被动) 2. 作定语的动词不定式为不及物动词, 与其前面的被修饰语又是动宾关系, 则动词不定式要

加上相应的介词

e.g. There is no room to live in.

(live in room)

六. 作状语: 1. 在下列句式结构中作结果状语

(too…to…, enough…to…, only…to…, so…as to…, such…as to…, come to… etc.) e.g. He was so hardworking as to pass the exam.

He is old enough to go to school. 2. 在以下句式中作目的状语

(so as to…, in order to…, to… etc.) e.g. You should work hard so as to pass the exam. 3. 在表人情绪的形容词之后作原因状语

(pleased, happy, glad, sorry, disappointed, surprised, lucky, angry etc.)

e.g. I am sorry to hear that.

七. 作宾语补足语: 1. 常跟在以下动词之后使用

(ask, tell, wish, want, expect, advise, remind, order, like, invite, allow etc.) e.g. I told him to take the homework. 2. to be + adj.

(think, consider, believe, know, find, suppose etc.)

e.g. We consider him to be right. 3. 能接省to的动词不定式的动词

(感官, 使役动词之后) (feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, hear, watch, make, let, have)

e.g. The teacher made him do it again.

He was made to do it again by the teacher.

He made her laugh.

She was made to laugh by him. 注意: 被动语态要还原省略的to

IV. 过去分词

一.

概述: 1. 兼有动词, 形容词, 副词的功能, 2. 表示被动, 完成的概念

3. 可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰, 构成过去分词短语

第

2 页

共

6 页

二. 作定语: 1. 单个的过去分词作定语要作前置定语, 过去分词短语作定语要作后置定语

e.g. spoken English

boiled water This is a book written by my father.

I have an MP3 made in America 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动的含义, 只表示动作已经完成

e.g. fallen leaves

returned students 3. 及物动词的现在分词修饰物, 过去分词修饰人

e.g. surprised girls

tiring music 4. 过去分词所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前

e.g. I have a picture painted by my father.

过去分词所表示的动作没有一定的先后性, 它则表示被动

e.g. This is a letter written in pen.

三. 作表语: 1. 过去分词相当于形容词, 可以被副词修饰, “感到…”

的意思, 许多是由能表示人们某种情

绪或感情的动词变化而来

(interested, disappointed, tired, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, limited, delighted, crowded, satisfied) 2. 多表示主语所处的状态, 主语大多数情况下是人

e.g. He looked very excited.

The cup is broken. 3. 过去分词

(不及物动词) 作表语, 不表示被动只表示完成

e.g. All the leaves are fallen.

四. 作宾语补足语:

(过去分词作宾语补足语与句中的宾语有动宾关系) 1. 在表感知的动词后作宾语补足语

(seem, notice, watch, observe, find, hear, listen to, taste, smell, feel etc)

e.g. I noticed the little girl blamed.

I feel something burnt.

She found the door closed. 2. 在使役动词后作宾语补足语

(keep, make, get, have etc)

e.g. I try to make myself understood.

I must get my bike repaired. 3. 在表愿望, 想法的动词后作宾语补足语

(want, hope, wish, should like, would like etc.)

e.g. I want these papers copied. 注意: have / get + 过去分词

(这个动作不是由主语完成的, 而是由别人完成的)

e.g. He had some pictures taken in the park.

(由别人完成的)

He took some pictures in the park.

(由自己完成的)

五. 作状语: 1. 修饰谓语, 说明动作发生的背景或情况

2. 位置

a. 前部

(主语前) 作时间, 条件, 原因, 让步状语

e.g. Inspired by Lily, he worked even harder.

(原因)

Beaten by him, she was not discouraged.

(让步)

Once published, this book will be popular.

(时间)

Given more time, we could do better.

(条件) b. 后部

(谓语后) 作结果, 方式, 伴随状语

e.g. The teacher came into the room, followed by her students.

(伴随)

The glass fell to the floor, broken.

(结果)

The star left the airport, surrounded by a lot of fans.

(方式) 注意: 1. Seeing from the hill, we can see the city.

Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.

(主语的不同, 因为动作的主动与被动关系) 2. Tom went home, finding the door locked.

Finding the door locked, Tom went home. (过去分词与现在分词的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或在它之前发生，放在句首，之后发

生，放在句尾)

IV. 非谓语动词的区分: 一. 作主语的区分: 现在分词: 抽象的, 经常性的, 一般性的行为

动词不定式: 具体的, 将来的动作

e.g. Teaching is my job.

To teach the uses of the Past Participle is my task today.

二. 作宾语的区分:

现在分词: wish, hope, expect, want, ask, request, require, demand, intend, agree, decide, plan, promise 动词不定式: avoid, suggest, advise, enjoy, allow, insist on, can’t help, succeed in, be interested in, look forward to, be engaged in 既能跟动词不定式, 也能跟现在分词作宾语的

1. look / like / prefer / hate / dislike

a. to v.

(具体的, 特定的, 将来的动作)

b. v.ing

(经常性的, 习惯性的行为)

e.g. I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim today. 2.. begin / start / continue

a. to v.

(无意识的行为)

b. v.ing

(有意识的行为)

e.g. I started learning English when I was ten.

I continue to feel sick.

3. want / need / require

a. to v.

(某人想要做, 与主语有主谓关系)

b. v.ing

(某人某物需要, 与主语有动宾关系)

e.g. My bike needs repairing.

She wants to talk with me. 4. remember / forget / regret

a. to v.

(动作尚未完成)

b. v.ing

(动作已经完成) 5. try

a. to v.

(尽力做某事)

b. v.ing

(试图做某事) 6. mean

第

3 页

共

6 页

a. to v.

(打算做某事, 主语是人)

b. v,ing

(意味着, 主语是物) 7. stop / go on

a. to v.

(去做另一件事)

b. v.ing

(去做同一件事) 8. can’t help

a. to v.

(不能帮忙做某事)

b. v.ing

(情不自禁的)

三. 作表语的区分: 1. 动词不定式: 具体的某次动作, 将来的动作

e.g. The boy’s wish is to become a teacher. 2. 现在分词: a. 抽象的, 经常性的, 一般性的行为

(主语本身的情况)

b. 主语的特征, 特性或状态

(主谓关系) e.g. My job is teaching.

The story is interesting. 3. 过去分词: 主语的特征, 特性或状态

(动宾关系)

四. 作定语的区分: 动词不定式:

a. 作后置定语, 表示将来的动作, 带情态意味的动作

b. 与被修饰词之间有主谓或动宾关系

c. 不及物动词

(要加适当的介词)

e.g. He is the first person to give a speech.

(主谓关系)

Have you got anything to say?

(将来, 动宾关系)

He has nothing to worry about.

(不及物动词) 现在分词:

a. 被修饰词的用途

b. 主动的, 正在进行的, 经常性的动作或状态

e.g. swimming pool

a sleeping boy

The house facing South is large. 过去分词:

a. 及物动词

(动宾关系, 表被动) b. 不及物动词

(表完成)

e.g. This is a book written by him.

(被动)

There are many fallen leaves.

(完成)

六. 作宾语补足语的区分: 动词不定式: 动作已经发生, 动作的全过程已经结束, 将来, 经常性的动作

现在分词: 动作正在发生, 进行

(主谓关系) 过去分词: 动作的完成或结束

(动宾关系)

e.g. A: Do you hear someone calling you?

(动作正在进行)

B: Yes, I did. I hear him call me several times.

(动作的全过程已经结束)

C: Oh, you mean you hear you name called several times.

(动作的完成)

V. 时态: 一. 现在分词

1. 一般形式: a. v.ing

(主动)

being + 过去分词

(被动) 2. 完成形式: a. having + 过去分词

(主动)

having been + 过去分词

(被动)

二. 动词不定式:

1. 一般形式: a. to v.

(主动)

to be + 过去分词

(被动) 2. 完成形式: a. to have + 过去分词

(主动)

b. to have been + 过去分词

(被动) 3. 进行形式: to be + 现在分词

(主动)

非

谓

语

动

词

考

点

分

析

1．The Olympic Games, ______

in 776 B.C, didn’t include women players until 1919.

(NMET)

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing 析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不

合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。

2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET)

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make 析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A. making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：

The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.(NMET)

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking 析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。

4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET)

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing 析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。

5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.(NMET)

A. to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating 第

4 页

共

6 页

析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

6．— I usually go there by train.

— Why not ______ by boat for a change?

(NMET)

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going 析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。

7．______ a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET)

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received 析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

(NMET)

A. to invent

B. inventing

C. to have invented

D. having invented 析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do, to have done, to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。

9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited 析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A. invited(＝who were invited)才是正确答案。

10．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.(NMET) A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tired

D. tied 析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句：

He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。

非

谓

语

动

词

专

练

1. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. To give

B. Having given

C. Given

D. Giving 2. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. to be written

B. written

C. being written

D. having written 3. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A. to play

B. play

C. to be playing

D. playing 4. When passing me he pretended ______ me.

A. to see

B. not having seen

C. to have not seen

D. not to have seen 5. The children insisted ______ there on foot.

A. they going

B. they would go

C. on their going

D. going 6. He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.

A. taking

B. being taken

C. taken

D. having taken 7.______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left.

A. Arriving at; to find

B. Coming to; discovering that

C. On arriving at; finding out

D. Hurrying to; to have found out

8. With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.

A. leading; finding; leading

B. to lead; found; to lead

C. led; finding; led

D. leading; found; led 9. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

(NMET)

A. to have sailed

B. to sail

C. sailing

D. sail 10. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face.

(MET)

A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move 11.______ is known to all, China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.

A. That; advancing

B. This; advanced

C. As; advanced

D. It; advancing 12. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. persuade

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded 13. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.

(MET)

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed 14. Please excuse my ______ in without ______.

A. come; permitted

B. coming; permitted

C. coming; being permitted

D. to come; being permitted 15.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

A. Holding; being held

B. Held; holding

C. Having held; held

D. Held; to be held 16. ——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.

A. sing; singing

B. sung; sung

C. sung; singing

D. singing; sung 17. The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.

A. discussed; discussed

B. discussing; had discussed

C. being discussed; discussed

D. discussing; discussing 18. With the cooking ______, I went on ______ some sewing.

A. done; to do

B. being done; doing

C. to be done; doing

D. to have done; doing 19. It is no use ______ your past mistakes.

A. regretting

B. regret

C. to regret

D. regretted 第

5 页

共

6 页

20. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five children.

A. left; to leave

B. leaving; leaving

C. leaving; left

D. left; leaving 21. I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem ______.

A. to work

B. to work out

C. to be worked out

D. to work it out

C. Not having known

D. Having not know 39. Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places.

A. to build

B. to building

C. to be built

D. being built 40. Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

(MET)

A. to do

B. doing

C. with

D. to be doing 22. I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon.

(NMET)

A. you to call

B. you call

C. your calling

D. you’re calling 23. Climbing mountains was ______, so we all felt ______.

A. tiring; tired

B. tired; tiring

C. tiring; tiring

D. tired; tired 24. She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.

A. take

B. to be taken

C. taken

D. taking 25. It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.

A. to solve

B. to be solved

C. solved

D. solving 26. ______ maps properly, you need a special pen.

A. Drawn

B. Drawing

C. To draw

D. Be drawing 27. There is a river ______ around our school.

A. to run

B. run

C. running

D. to be running 28. How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

A. to take

B. take

C. taking

D. to be taken 29. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set. ______ when I got home.

A. lying; stolen

B. laying; stealing

C. lay; stolen

D. lying; stealing 30. Greatly moved by her words, ______.

A. tears came to his eyes

B. he could hardly hold back his tears

C. tears could hardly be held back

D. his eyes were filled with tears. 31. —— I hope the children won’t touch the dog.

—— I’ve warned them ______.

A. not

B. not to

C. not touch

D. not do 32. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

(NMET)

A. to go

B. to have gone

C. going

D. having gone 33. When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.

A. been asked

B. asked

C. asking

D. to be asked 34. He was often listened ______ in the next room.

A. sing

B. sung

C. to sing

D. to to sing 35. Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle.

(NMET)

A. ride; ride

B. riding; ride

C. ride; to ride

D. to ride; riding 36. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

37. What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.

A. that they have to

B. they have not

C. their not having

D. not their having 38. ______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing

B. Knowing not

1―5

C B D D C

21―25

B C A C B

第

6 页

共

6 页

非

谓

语

动

词

专

练

答

案

6―10

B A A C B

11―15

C C B C A

16―20

D C A A D

26―30

C C C A B

31―35

B B B D C

36―40

A C A A A