Learning about Language优质课教案设计

第四节: 时

态

与

语

态

教案

现在完成时 过去将来时 过去将来完成时

↗ ↘ ↗ ↘ ↗ ↘

过去完成时 过去时 现在时 将来时 将来完成时

一、

一般现在时(单数does，复数do) 当谓语动词的动作发生在模糊的时间内（发生在大家都知道的时间内/不必交代时间/没有固定时间/发生时间反复重复等），我们就说动作就发生在一般现在的时间内。表达这个时间的词有：sometimes

often

always this year recently everyday now and then at times occasionally

usually等

举例：They like English. He is a teacher. He gets up at six. I usually turn to my teacher for help when I am in trouble. 注意：由于客观真理不受时间限制，所以时间不明确，也用一般现在时来表达。

举例：As everybody knows ,theory comes from practice. 二、

一般过去时(did was were) 动作发生在过去，并且表示现在不这样了，是点时间。

表达这个时间段的时间的词有：yesterday the day before yesterday just now last year long time ago two years early 等。

举例：They were rich years ago. I bought it from an old farmer a few years ago. He was a doctor in the past. 三、

一般现在完成时(have done) 动作发生在过去，在现在的时间结束，并对现在有影响，表示的是一段时间。

所以句中没有表示过去特定时间的状语。

（1）：动作开始于过去并且持续到现在。

时间副词：recently

lately

since

so far=up to now

In the past /few years 常见的时间副词

(2)：动作放生在过去并对现在有影响。

时间副词：already (肯定句) yet（否定句）never

ever

just

before

(3)：This is the first /second time+that

从句用现在完成时

与过去时的区别：过去时表示动作已经结束，现在不这样了，是点时间。

现在完成时表示动作在现在结束，对现在有影响，是段时间。

举例：I have lost my key.(暗示我进不去屋了) I lost my key.（暗示我要是丢了）

I have had lunch.(暗示我不饿了) I had lunch.（暗示我吃过饭了）

四、过去完成时(had done ) 动词的动作发生在过去的过去，在过去结束，是一段时间。

所以句中常有表示过去特定时间的状语。

举例：I had learned 5,000 english words by the end of last year.

关于完成时的两点补充： 一、两个重要的完成时的“标志”

（1）for+一段时间 主句用完成时

（2）by+时间点 主句用完成时

二、瞬间动词不能用于完成时中。

如：buy die marry borrow begin/start等

五、一般将来时(will do) 动作发生在将来的时间里，是点时间。表达这个时间段的词有：tomorrow a while later in 5 minutes in the future 等。

举例：He will tell me about it.（临时决定）

He is going to tell me about it.(计划好了的事) The house is to be empty next week.(be to 动原，可出现时间状语) They are about to start.（be about to 不可出现时间状语）

{注意}：（1）时间和条件状语从句中要用现在代替将来

举例：if I see her tomorrow,I will tell her. （本来在状语从句中主从句的时态要一致，但从句无将来时，故只能用一般现在时来代替）

（2）表示计划、安排好的即将发生的事也要用一般现在代替一般将来，多谈论时间表、节目单、日程等情况。

举例：my train leaves at 7:30 tomorrow morning. They leave for London tomorrow. 六、过去将来时(would do) 当动作发生在从过去看的将来，是点时间

举例：he said these things would happen. He said he would be back at 8:00 o’clock. 七、将来完成时(will have done) 当动作发生在将来，但在将来某一指定时间前定将结束时，是段时间。

举例：Before bedtime,jane will have completed her homework. He will have had his exam by December. 八、过去将来完成时(would have done)

当动作发生在从过去看的将来，但在将来某一时间前动作定将结束，是段时间。

举例:she hoped that they would have finished their work before she got back

进行语态与被动语态

一、进行语态：be + V-ing（传统与语法的现在分词）

表示正在…

八大时态常与进行语态连用：

与一般现在时连用：am /is/ are + doing现在正在做某事

与一般过去时连用: was / were + doing过去正在做某事

与现在完成时连用：have/has + been + doing 一直做某事

与过去完成时连用：had + been + doing过去一直做某事

与一般将来时连用：will + be + doing将要正在做某事

与过去将来时连用：would + be + doing过去将要正在做某事

与将来完成时连用：will + have +been + doing将要一直做某事

与过去将来完成时连用：would + have +been + doing过去将要一直做某事

二、被动语态：be + V-ed （传统与语法的过去分词）（ +by +施事）表示被…

{注意}：不及物动词没有被动语态

系动词没有被动语态：5个感觉 Look sound taste feel smell 此外还有seem become get appear 等

八大时态常与被动语态连用：

与一般现在时连用：am /is/ are + done

与一般过去时连用: was / were + done

与现在完成时连用：have/has + been + don

与过去完成时连用：had + been + done

与一般将来时连用：will + be + done

与过去将来时连用：would + be + done

与将来完成时连用：will + have +been +done

与过去将来完成时连用：would + have +been + done

解题步骤：

（1）

区分语态，判断主被动。

（2）

根据题干句子时态，确定所填动词的时态，找时间点。

（3）

根据句意，确定最终答案。

练习

1 .Planning so far ahead _____ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year..

A. made

B. is making

C. makes

D. has made 2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite.

A. was just being

B. will just be

C. had just been

D. would just be 3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there.

A. had been lying

B. has been lying

C. was lying

D. has lain 4.Experiments of this kind __________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted 5．Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months

A. works B. worked

C. has been working

D. had been working 6. — Bob has gone to California.

— Oh, can you tell me when he _________?

A. has left B. left

C. is leaving D. would leaving 7.

— That must have been a long trip.

— Yeah, it _______ us a whole week to get there.

A. takes

B. has taken

C. took

D. was taking 8. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.

A. rescued

B. was rescued

C. has rescued D. had been rescued 9.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?

A. would sign

B. signed C. have signed

D. had signed 10.When I got on the bus, I _____ I had left my wallet at home.

A. was realizing

B. realized

C. have realized

D. would realize 11．She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!

A. had been eating

B. had eaten

C. have eaten

D. have been eating 12．We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______ into the office during the night.

A. broke

B. had broken

C. has broken

D. was breaking 13. —I hear you __ in a pub. What’s it like?

—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.

A. are working

B. will work

C. were working

D. will be working 14.

The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___ that we may need

a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

A. suggest

B. suggests

C. suggested

D. suggesting

15. －Tommy is planning to buy a car.

－I know. By next month, he ___enough for a used one.

A. saves

B. saved

C. will save

D. will have saved 16. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ___on my desk?

—I put it there just now in case you needed it.

A. does it land

B. has it landed

C. will it land

D. had it landed

17．The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant __ in his place but, luckily,

everything was going on smoothly.

A. gave

B. gives

C. was giving

D. had given

18．

Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they____ From China.

A. receive

B. are receiving

C. have received

D. had received 19. All visitors to this village_____ with kindness.

A. treat

B. are treated

C. are treating

D. had been treated 20. —What a mistake!

—Yes. I_____ his doing it another way, but without success.

A. was suggesting

B. will suggest

C. would suggest

D. had suggested 21. I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _____.

A. was doing

B. am doing

C. have done

D. had been doing 22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_____ from college. A. graduated

B. has graduated

C. had been

D. had graduated 23.In the last few years thousands of films __________ all over the word. A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

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