Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language教学设计

谓

语

动

词

谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称和数的变化。

1．及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词

(1)需要跟宾语的动词为及物动词。及物动词后面可以跟单宾语、双宾语或者复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)。

①单宾语

After that, I regained my enthusiasm for English and spent much more time and energy working on this particular subject. 在那以后，我重新获得了对英语的热情，并把更多的时间和精力用于这个特别学科的学习上。

②双宾语

Mr.Schell wrote New

York

Times a letter the other day. 几天前Schell 先生给《纽约时报》写了一封信。

③宾语＋宾语补足语(常用于使役动词、感官动词、介词with, without, like以及其他部分动词后面。) Have you found English difficult to speak? 你发现英语难说吗？

The big pine tree stood there like an umbrella covering the house. 耸立在那边的那棵大松树像一把雨伞遮住了房子。

(2)不需要跟宾语的动词是不及物动词。

In order to keep fit, we should exercise regularly. 为了身体健康，我们应该经常锻炼。

All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. 所有的树叶都落了，冬天就要到来了。

①几个不及物动词后加同源名词时变成了及物动词

They are living a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。

He died a heroic death. 他死得很英勇。

The girl laughed a merry laugh. 女孩愉快地笑了。

He sighed a deep sigh.

他深叹了一口气。

②许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词

Father never smoked or drank all his life.父亲一生从不熏烟酗酒。He drank a good deal of coffee.他喝了太多的咖啡。He ran as fast as he could.他尽快地跑。She ran a hotel in the centre of the city.她在市中心开了一家旅馆。

(3)连系动词虽然本身具有一定意思，但不能独立作谓语，需要带有表语才能构成谓语。

They have remained loyal to the government. 他们一直忠诚于政府。

The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull. 手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。

2．短语动词

(1)动词＋副词

Please put on your coat. 请穿上大衣。

(2)动词＋介词

The other day I came across a foreigner in the countryside. 几天前我在乡下碰见了一个外国人。

(3)动词＋副词＋介词

Please keep up with others. 请跟上其他人。

3．情态动词＋实义动词

In my opinion, we can share information with each other to make a better understanding. 依我来看，我们可以信息共享，以便更好地沟通。

4．主谓一致

英语句子中的主语和谓语应在人称和数上保持一致。这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。

(1)意义一致原则

所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。

Three months has passed since you left.(three months被看作一个时间整体，表示单数概念。) 你已离开三个月了。

The old are taken very good care of in our city.(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，表示复数概念。) 在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。

(2)语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。

Mr.Black is a well­known scientist on AIDS.

布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。

These books are intended for children under nine years old. 这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。

(3)就近一致原则

就近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。常见的结构有“not only ...but also ..., neither ... nor ..., either ...or ...”等。

Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。) 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。

Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。) 不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。

Ⅰ.完成句子

1．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who wears_evening_dress (穿晚服)．

2．The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains_now (现存)．

3．We've just moved into a bigger house and there's a lot to do. Let's get_down_to (开始着手) it. 4．John opened the door. There_stood_a_girl (一位女孩站在那里) he had never seen before. 5．I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldn't get through. Her_brother_was_talking (她哥哥在讲话) on the phone all the time!

6．The news that has been published in today's paper is_true (是真的)．

7．When he realized the police had spotted him，the man made_for_the_exit (向出口走去) as quickly as possible. 8．The water felt_cool (感觉凉) when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 9．Jane and Dick, not Mary are_my_students (是我的学生)．

10．The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.She hadn't_flown_before (以前没飞行过)．