Learning about Language优秀教学设计

Period Two

Learning about Language

动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

动词的-ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式.作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它，及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等. 一、动名词形式作主语

1．v.-ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首. Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages. 大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法. Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.

浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命. 2．it作形式主语，v.-ing形式放在其后. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收. It is no good learning without practice. 只学习而不实践是不好的. It is a waste of time arguing about it. 争辩此事是浪费时间. It is worthwhile making the experiment. 做这个实验是值得的. 3．在“There be＋v.-ing形式”结构中作主语. There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑. There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这件傻事毫无意义. 二、动名词形式作宾语

1．v.-ing形式作动词的宾语.可接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy，include，excuse，practise，advise，suggest，mind，delay，forbid，keep，consider，miss，finish，appreciate，can’t help(禁不住)，risk，admit，imagine等. Mary is considering changing her job. 玛丽正在考虑换工作. Xiao Wu suggests spending the evening with the workers. 小吴提议今晚和工人们一起过. He admitted making a serious mistake. 他承认犯了一个严重错误. Can you imagine living alone on a wild island? 你能想像单独生活在一个荒凉野岛上是什么样子吗？

2．在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语：be good at，dream of，care about，devote...to，be concerned about，look forward to，be interested in，be used to，feel like，insist on，object to，think of，give up，aim at，put off，set about，stick to，apply to，succeed in...，owing to，pay attention to等. I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未幻想过要参观那个地方. I feel like going to the movie this evening. 今晚我想去看电影. I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you. 我一直盼望着能收到你的来信. 3．既可接v.-ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：hate，like，prefer，attempt，begin，start，continue，intend等. Price will continue to rise/rising.

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物价将持续上涨. What do you intend to do/doing next? 你下一步打算做什么？

4．接v.-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有：

stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

stop doing sth.停止做某事mean to do sth.想要做某事

mean doing sth.意味着做某事

try to do sth.努力/企图要做某事

try doing sth.试着做某事看会发生什么be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事

be afraid of doing sth.害怕发生……

allow/permit/sb. to do sth.允许建议某人做某事advise＋doing sth.允许建议做某事remember doing sth.记得做了某事

remember to do sth.记住要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做了某事

forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事

regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事go on to do sth.继续做另外一件事

go on doing sth.继续做原先没有做完的事

I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp. 我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了. Please stop working and have a rest. 请停下工作，休息一下. 5．下列动词可接v.-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式. need/want/require/deserve doing(＝need/want/require/deserve to be done) This small room needs painting.(＝This small room needs to be painted)．

这个小房间需要粉刷了. The sick woman required examining.(＝The sick woman required to be examined.) 这位生病的妇女需要接受检查. 三、动名词的复合结构

1．带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构.当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构.其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语.动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等. Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人. Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.

玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气. Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble.

简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦. What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.

困扰他们的问题是食物不足. 2．在口语中，如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替.

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Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home? 你能想像他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学. Mary’s(不可用Mary)being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急. His(不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟，这使他家人非常生气. 3．如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或是有生命名词但表示泛指意义时，则要用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格. The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了. The sound of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street. 书桌的开关声在街上都能听到. Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？

4．there be的动名词的复合结构为there being. What’s the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?

明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大？

四、动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态和语态如下表所示：

语态

主动语态

被动语态

时态

writing being written 一般式

having written having been written 完成式

其否定形式是在doing前加not 1.动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作. I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话. She dreams of becoming a teacher. 她梦想成为一名教师. She enjoys playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴. 2．动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前. I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌. He was praised for having done a good deed. 他因做了好事而受到表扬. 注意

有些动词如admit，forget，remember，deny，apologize，regret，thank等以及介词after等后面的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义. I forgot meeting her(＝having met her) in the park. 我忘记了曾在公园里见过她. After reading your letter，I realized I had misunderstood you.在读了你的信之后，我才意识

到我误解了你.

练习作业

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．This story is not suitable (合适的)for young children. 2．In an invoice the amount (数量)of money should be written both in words and in figures. 3．Most people prefer organic (有机的)vegetables.

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4．He tried to rid (摆脱)himself of debts. 5．He is developing (发展)into a good soldier. 6．The human being struggles (斗争)with his environment. 7．Rumours began to circulate (传播)about his financial problems. 8．He equipped (装备)himself for a long journey. 9．The blood exports waste products from the tissues. 10．Grain is used for making flour. Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1．All the boys are looking forward to going (go) forward to_feed (feed) the animals. 2．The bird was lucky and it just missed being_caught (catch)．

3．I always prefer to_start (start) early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute. 4．Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women. 5．While shopping women sometimes can’t help being_persuaded (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary. 6．—What made Jane so upset? —Losing (lose) the ring her husband bought her for her birthday. 7．Once your business becomes international，flying (fly) constantly will be part of your life. 8．Do you think it of any use arguing (argue) with him any more？We are wasting our time trying (try) to persuade him to give up the idea. 9．Finding (find) a job in such a big company has always been beyond his wildest dream. 10．—Maybe you’ve forgotten to_post (post) my letter. —How could I？I remember putting (put) it into the letter box. B．The development of a saver machinery demanded by the labor movement.

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