Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学设计模板

welcome to class1408

Task1--lead-in:True or False 1. You will have no trouble throughout the

world once you've learned maths,physics and

chemistry well.(

) 2. Alex has a lot of money.(

) 3. If you want to get a good mark in English, you should do well in reading .(

) Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because

as we know, there are known knows; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns –

the ones we don't know we don't know.

United States Secretary of Defense -------Donald Rumsfeld what did he really mean? “据我们所知，我们已经知道一些，我们知道我们已经知道一些，我们还知道，我们有些并不知道，也就是说，我们知道有些事情我们还不知道，但是，还有一些，我们并不知道我们不知道，这些我们不知道的，我们不知道。

———美国前国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德2002年2月12日新闻发布会上语。

有关阅读理解题目主要有以种:

主命

旨

大

意

类

事实细节



词

义

猜

测



推

理

判

断

作

者

的

态

度

意

图

Reading Comprehension

the Main Idea 阅读理解专题—主旨大意

近五年阅读理解考点分布

年份

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 事实细节

9 11 8 9 7 词义猜测

2 1 2 1 2 判断推理

4 5 6 8 9

How can we do reading well?

Any

rules？

Any

skills？



主旨大意题考查考生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力，是每年的必考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea，mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。

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主旨大意类题目主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全。

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一、设题方式

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1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式

主旨大意

5 3 3 2 3 语篇结构

0 0 1 0 0 难度系数

0.76 0.81 0.71 0.68 0.62

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The main idea of the passage is …

The passage is mainly about …

What is the passage mainly about? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类主旨大意题

The passage is meant to …

The purpose of this article is to …

The author intends to... 

3) 标题类主旨大意题



The best title for the passage might be …

二、如何做主旨大意题

Step1:识别文体,找主题句

新闻报道

导语提携全文

总--分--总

议论文

（论点－论据－结论）

说明文

主题句

（首－－中－－尾）

记叙文

记叙文六要素

寻找主题句的方法

(一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句

夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中

说明文: 一般在首段

议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作

者的观点）

常在首段或末段（作

者观点的重申）。当然，由于写

作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段 文章中间。

如何做主旨大意题----Step2 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。

2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意

读尾句抓大意

读首尾段抓大意

3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词

任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

幻灯片15 Sample 1 find out the topic sentence People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首

一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会出现在段尾。

作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

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Sample 3 

Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said…... 

“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said. 

（3）首尾呼应

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为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.

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Sample 4 

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. 

（4）在短文中间

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当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题，

文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.

主题句在短文中间

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1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词

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“but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。

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2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：

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“in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, in a word”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。

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3) 如果主题句含有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。

Sample 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system… As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, … The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, … The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. …

along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.

●

Sample 5

(5) 从段落中寻找高频率词

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，

许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出

现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词

The passage is mainly about _____.

A. the construction of a road

B. the design of a road

C. the construction of two railways

D. the design of two tunnels

practice1

1. Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die

each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization. A The main idea of the passage is ___.

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Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer

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Smoking is a bad habit 

LCO advises people to stop smoking 

Why did people die of Lung cancer? 2. 

Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. …

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Name or no name ? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say. 

The passage is mainly about_____. 

A. honor and writers



B. identity and signature 

C. signature(签名) and responsibility



D. anonymity and signature

3. 

Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better…

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…Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide 

The author intends to

. 

A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives 

B. persuade women to become more independent 

C. encourage people to improve their reading skills 

D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google

4

After moving to the United States, immigrant groups trying to fit in tend to choose high calorie fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American, a new study finds. That’s one reason why immigrants approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America. 1. The author wants to show that

. A. more and more Asians enjoy high-calorie snacks B. immigrants tend to eat American junk food to fit in C. most Americans are at the risk of heart disease D. all the American people have a bad eating habit 【答案】B

【解析】考查作者意图题。

本段节选自一篇研究报道的第一段，是文章的中心段，根据其内容可知作者意在说明移民倾向于食用高能量食物以便融入美国社会。

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5 

Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?

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What is the main idea ? 

Smoking can cause cancer.

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Smoking is a terrible killer

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Smoking is harmful to our health.

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An experiment on smoking.

Step 3:

How to deal with the problems on

1. 干扰项

可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。

2. 干扰项

可能属从文中某些

(不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。

3. 干扰项

可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open people’s mind to another culture or race. …

People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. …

We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybody’s story. 一、主旨大意型

实战演练

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Question: What’s the main idea of the text? 

Storytelling can influence the way people think. 

B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business. 

C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school. 

D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others. 从文中事实片面推出的错误结论

X 文中的一个具体细节

X 非文章事实的主观臆断

X Going green seems to be fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.

On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy

things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task................ 60. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Going Green

B. Protecting the Planet.

C. Keeping Open-Minded D. Celebrating Our Green Year. A. Going Green

How to get the right anwser? 遵循

四字原则: 精

用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想

要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点准确地表达出来. 准

全

要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小. 所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发读者的阅读兴趣. 新

Practise2真题链接

1.一本通P33

2016全国卷C

summary：如何做主旨大意题

Step1:识别文体,找主题句

新闻报道

导语提携全文

总--分--总

议论文

（论点－论据－结论）

说明文

主题句

（首－－中－－尾）

记叙文

记叙文六要素

如何做主旨大意题----Step2 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。

2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意

读尾句抓大意

读首尾段抓大意

3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词

任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

Step3遵循

四字原则: 精

用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想

要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点准确地表达出来. 准

全

要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小. 所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发读者的阅读兴趣. 新

How should we treat reading comprehension?

Hate reading--

Afraid of reading --Practice reading --Love reading --Reading will make you success

Homework: Practice more reading materials in P34