Learning about Language教学设计思路

Unit 2 Working the land

1.Target Language 语言目标

a.词汇和短语

sunburn, struggle, super, expand, circulate, equip, export, rid…of, be satisfied with, lead a…life, search for, would rather…

b.重点句子

He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. P10

Wishing for things, however, costs nothing. P10 2. Ability goals 能力目标

Enable students to learn more about agriculture, countryside and farming. By talking they can exchange their experience with each other.

3.Learning ability goals 学能目标

Help students learn how to describe Dr Yuan Longping including his personality.

1. Help to comprehend the text and grasp the main idea of the text.

2. How to grasp the words and phrases and be able to use them of the same topic

3.How to help students make up their minds to make contributions to motherland in the future like Dr Yuan.

教学方法

Show questions, read fast, find the main ideas, and then read carefully and finish all the tasks 教学方法与过程

Step 1 Lead in What do you think of when you see the word agriculture? Do you know where food comes from and how crops are raised? First, the farmers plow the field. They have to make the soil loose enough to plant crops.

Second, grow some young plants.

Third, they insert the young plants into the loose field. They fertilize the field.

At last, they will get the harvest.

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Everyday food (表格)

Step2. Warming up 1.

What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries? 2.

What do you think would happen if tomorrow there were suddenly no rice to eat? Step3. Pre-reading Look at the picture and read the statistics on P. 9. Is the boy strong? Is he healthy? What lead him to this kind of situation? How to solve hunger? Prevent the pests from eating our crops.

Develop agricultural science and technology.

Improve the quality of the soil.

Make good use of the waste land. Invent a new kind of food. Who is he?

Yuan Longping Father of Hybrid Rice Professor Yuan Longping is famous in research on hybrid rice. He gave birth to a hybrid rice which output 30% more than ordinary ones, which has been widely used in the rice fields. The hybrid rice by Yuan and his co-researchers has made the earth produce extra rice equivalent to food for 80 million or more people.

Step4. Fast-reading Look at the title of the passage and the picture. What do you predict this passage is going to talk about? Then skim the passage to check if you are fight. What is the main idea of the passage? It is about an agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard to produce a new strain of rice. Step 5 Careful- reading Complete the notes about Yuan Longping. Name ____________

Age ____________

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Nationality __________ Occupation ___________________ Education ____________________________ Dream _______________________________ Achievement _________________________ Hobbies _____________________________

Find out the main idea of each paragraph：

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 2 Paragraph 2

True or False 1. Dr. Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.

2. Dr. Yuan’s rice is one of the most suitableways for China’s farmland.

3. Dr. Yuan would rather work than relax.

4. Dr. Yuan has dreams when he is asleep and

also when he is awake. 5. Dr. Yuan enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people. Discussion

Dr Yuan’s personality

Which of the following descriptions about Dr. Yuan’s personality is NOT TRUE? A.

He is satisfied with his life because he is now rich and famous. B. He cares little about money and fame. C. He would rather work than lead a

comfortable life. D. He enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people. Summary Homework 1. Review the reading passage and the new words. 2. Choose a topic from the discussion and write an article.

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Language points重点知识点讲练

1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If so = If you have ever grown some plants so 表示“象那样的，如前所说的”，用于代替已陈述的事。如：

— Can you pass the exam?

— I hope so. 2. …, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. consider 在这里的意思是“把(某人，某事)看作/认为……”

We consider it a shame.

I consider it a good habit to get up early.

I consider it to be inferior to robot.

Personally, I consider the CEO a qualified leader.

consider还有“考虑；思考；体谅；注视”等意思

Would you consider going north this summer? Please take time to consider the problem.

They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 1.

consider（考虑）

wh- to do

doing something 2.

consider （认为）sb.

to be

to have done

as

adj.

3. considerable 重要的；相当大的；可观的

4. considering = giving = seeing that鉴于、考虑到

5. take sth. into consideration

顾及到某事, 考虑到某事

Practice 所给用适当形式填空。

1）.They have been considering ____ （work out）

the problem.

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Keys：

Working out 2）. I consider Tom ____ （be）

the finest basketball player today.

Keys：to be 3）. Our monitor ____

(consider) to be an honest man.

Keys: was considered The majority of people in the town strongly

______ the plan to build a playground for children. (2010浙江）

A. consider

答案：B 解析：分析四个选项的意思：consider考虑，思考，认为等；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。根据语境：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。

3. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 句中的those是为了避免重复，代替前面出现的sunburnt face and arms、slim, strong body。

for whom he has struggled for the past five decades是非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinese farmers 4. This special strain of rice makes it possible

to produce one-third more of the crop in the

same fields. it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields。

We think it necessary to combine theory with practice. it还可以代替动名词短语、宾语从句做形式宾语

I consider it foolish meeting him. I think it important that we should keep calm. it做形式宾语, 通常和下列动词连用: consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等. We consider it our duty to support good leaders. The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster. Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.

Susan deemed it advisable to keep the matter secret.

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B. support

C. confirm

D. submit

We all feel it nice to be able to visit that distinguished university. 5. Now more than 60% of the rice produced

in China each year is from this hybrid strain. 句中的主语中心词rice是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。

Two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of water.

Two thirds of the workers are women. 过去分词短语produced in China each year作定语修饰rice, 属动宾关系。

I like reading the novels written by Mark Twain.

6. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields.

search = try to find by looking for

搜查search = try to find by looking for

搜查

They searched everywhere but could not find the lost child.

The home was searched but no one was found. ▲ search常用的搭配：

search sb. / sth.

搜查某人/某物

search for sb. / sth. 搜寻某人/某物

search sth. / sb. for… 搜查某物/某

人以寻找

…

in search of 寻找

search out 发现search sb.指“搜查某人”, 指对某人进行搜身。

search for sb.指“搜寻某人”, 指为了要找到某人进行搜寻, 相当于look for。

The policeman searched the thief to see what he had in his pockets.

The villagers are searching for the missing child.

7. … without expanding the area of the fields.

expand vt. 使变大；伸展；详述；增长

Metals expand when they are heated.

He is thinking of expanding his business.

The eagle expanded its wings.

They have expanded my view on the question.

In ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.

8. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 1) thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。

Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved．

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thanks to, because, because of, since, for和as的用法

thanks to 和because of 都只能接名词或名词短语。thanks to有“多亏了”的含义，而because of则是“由于、因为”的意思。

because、 as、 since、 for 是连词，后面接从句，because语气最强，for的语气最弱。

Fill in the blanks with thanks to, because (of), since, for or as. 1). Miss Gao didn't come to the meeting

________ she was ill. 2). _____ you all know, China has hosted the 2008 Olympic Games. 3). _____ everybody makes a mistake, we should give the boy a chance. 4). It must have snowed last night, _____the

ground is covered with snow. 5). _________ your help, we could finish the

job on time. 6). _____ you are so busy, I'll ask Lily to go with me. 2) rid … of …

使

… 摆脱；清除

…

I want to rid this city of pollution.

The man rid himself of debt.

get rid of

摆脱, 除去

类似结构的动词：

inform / warn / cure … of …

The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 9. Using his hybrid rice farmers are

producing harvests twice as large as before.

英语中的倍数表达法共有三种形式: (1) 倍数

+ 形容词/副词的比较级

+ than... (2) 倍数

+ as +形容词/副词的原级

+ as... (3) 倍数

+ the + 名词+ of... This building is five times higher than that one.

This building is five times as high as

that one.

This building is five times the height of that one.

The new building is four times the size of the old one. 10. And he would much rather keep time for

his hobbies.

would rather 宁愿，宁可

He’d rather work in the countryside.

用法1：would rather…than… 宁愿……而不……，与其……不如……

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I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 用法2: Would rather than… = would rather … than …

Facing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender.

Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.

用法3：would rather后面也可跟从句表示主语宁愿某人做某事。

这时，从句谓语应用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。

I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day. 用法4:

would rather have done sth.

表示主语要做某事, 而结果却事与愿违。

I’d rather have left a note on her desk. 我本想留张字条在她的书桌上。(事实上没有) 11. However, he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.

lead ... a life / live ... a life

过......的生活

Now we are leading a happy life.

In the old days farmers led a terrible life in the country. 与lead相关的短语: lead sb. away 使某人误入歧途

lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走

lead up to sth. 是导致......的原因

lead from the front 带头，带动

12. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. 1) too much 与much too的区别

too much可单独使用，也可修饰一个不可数名词，意思是“太多的，过分的”。

She does talk too much, doesn’t she?

He has too much work to do.

much too通常用来修饰形容词或副词。

The dress is much too long for me.

I got into the taxi and drove much too fast.

2) rather than 而不是

She is a career woman rather than a housewife.

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She ran rather than walked. It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up. 注意：

rather than 连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

Mary, rather than her roommates, is going to Beijing. 13. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.

equip vt.

装备，配备，供给，提供

He equipped himself for a long journey. Proper education will equip one for a job.

equipment n. 设备, 装备, 器材

14. … with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.

with the hope of

怀有……的希望

in (the) hope of

希望做……

hope for sth. 希望得到……

他来到广州，希望找到一份工作。

He came to Guangzhou with the hope of finding a job. He came to Guangzhou in the hope of finding a job. He came to Guangzhou and hoped for a job.

语法讲解

动词ing形式做主语和宾语

一、动名词形式作主语

1．v.ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首。

Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。

2．it作形式主语，v.ing形式放在其后。

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It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is no good learning without practice. 只学习而不实践是不好的。

It is a waste of time arguing about it. 争辩此事是浪费时间。

It is worthwhile making the experiment. 做这个实验是值得的。

二、动名词形式作宾语

1．v.ing形式作动词的宾语。接v.-ing作宾语的动词有enjoy，include，excuse，practise，advise，suggest，mind，delay，forbid，keep，consider，miss，finish，appreciate，can’t help(禁不住)，risk，admit，imagine等。

Mary is considering changing her job. 玛丽正在考虑换工作。

Xiao Wu suggests spending the evening with the workers. 小吴提议今晚和工人们一起过。

He admitted making a serious mistake. 他承认犯了一个严重错误。

Can you imagine living alone on a wild island? 你能想象单独生活在一个荒凉野岛上是什么样子吗？

2．在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语，如：insist on, keep on, spend …(in) doing, prevent …from…, instead of…, succeed in, be busy (in) doing sth., be afraid of, feel like等。如：

I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未幻想过要参观那个地方。

I insist on telling him how great you were. 我坚持告诉他你是多么棒。

Marx kept on studying English and using it. 马克思一直在学习和使用英语。

Do you have any difficulty (in) pronouncing English?

你在英语发音方面有困难吗？

Excuse me for ringing you so late in the evening. 请原谅我这么晚给您打电话。

Instead of going to the bank, we can use a computer and a telephone to pay the bill. 我们可以用电脑和电话付账，而不必去银行。

3. 以介词to结尾的动词词组后常接动词-ing形式或名词，易与动词不定式混淆。中学课本中此类动词词组有：look forward to, devote … to, be/get used to, lead to, stick to, get down to, prefer…to…, pay attention to, object to, refer to, belong to, pay a visit to, help yourself to, add to, thanks to等。如：

I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you. 我一直盼望着能收到你的来信。

They devoted all their hours to working in the lab. 他们把所有的时间都用在实验室里了。

The farmer hasn’t got used to living in the city yet. 这个农民不习惯在城市里生活。

4．既可接v.ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：hate，like，prefer，attempt，begin，start，continue，intend等。

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Price will continue to rise/rising. 物价将持续上涨。

What do you intend to do/doing next? 你下一步打算做什么？

5．接v.ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有：

(1) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，stop doing sth. 停止做某事，

(2) mean to do sth.想要做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事

(3) try to do sth.努力/企图要做某事try doing sth.试图做某事（看会发生什么）

(4) remember/forget to do sth. 记得或忘记要去做某事

Remember/forget doing sth. 记得或忘记做了某事

(5) regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事

(6) go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续做原先没有做完的事

(7) advise/permit/allow sb to do sht .允许建议某人做某事advise + doing sth. 允许建议做某事

例如：

I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp.我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了。

Please stop working and have a rest. 请停下工作，休息一下。

We stopped to talk.我们停下来开始说话。

I forget giving the letter to him. 我忘了已经把信给他了。

I’m afraid I will forget to give the letter to him. 我担心我会忘了把这封信交给他。

Never mind. Try doing in another way. 没关系，试试用另一种方法做。

You must try to do it well. 你必须尽力(设法)把它做好。

I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)

I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)

6．下列动词可接v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing(＝need/want/require/deserve to be done) This small room needs painting.(＝This small room needs to be painted)．这个小房间需要粉刷了。

The sick woman required examining.(＝The sick woman required to be examined.) 这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。

【高考链接】

非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点

非谓语动词是高考的必考点，也是难点，主要涉及动词不定式、分词和动名词；从功能

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上看，非谓语动词作宾语、状语、宾补、表语、主语和定语是考查的主要项目。

高考典例

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ②(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to_eat (eat)! ③(2015·广东高考)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to_sell (sell) the wood. ④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment. ⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely to_bring (bring) your work home. ⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house during the hot day. ⑦(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop. ⑧(2014·辽宁高考)Keep holding (hold) your position for a while. ⑨(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work to_reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. ⑩(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. ⑪(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 考查非谓语动词中的逻辑关系Z 考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词

考查非谓语动词的句法功能

考查点

规律方法

“4步法”轻松搞定语法填空

第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语

分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。

第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分

根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。

第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态

如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。

第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态

非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用v.ing形式或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词12

destinations in the world. 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v.ing形式的一般式。

【实战演练】. 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. It’s no good _______(try) to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. 2. His illness could mean him ______ (miss) next week’s game.

3. We can never imagine her _______ (pass) the exam, for she has never reviewed the lessons. 4. The suspect (嫌疑犯) at last admitted ________ (steal) the necklace. 5. I still remember __________ (take) to a concert by Liu Dehua when I was five.

Period 3

Using Language Teaching goals 教学目标

1. Enable Ss to master the main idea of the text and know the ways of organizing articles. 2. Help Ss learn how to

enlarge the words and structures of the same topic. Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点

1. How to grasp the main idea of the passage. 2. How to grasp the words and phrases and be able to use them freely. Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法

StepⅠLook at the pictures. What is the substance we put on the soil which makes crops grow? How many kinds of fertilizers do farmers use?

Which kind do farmers use when they are doing organic farming? Do you know about organic farming?

StepⅡReading 1. Scan the passage and get the main idea. Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so organic farming is becoming more popular.

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2. Answer the following questions after read the passage. 1. Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?

2. What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?

3. What is organic farming?

4. What is the main reason for using organic farming methods?

Keys: 1. They are a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.

2. They can damage the land by killing helpful bacteria and pests and by staying in the ground and underground water for a long time. They damage people’s health by building up in their

bodies and leading to cancer or other illnesses.

3. Organic farming means growing crops without using any chemicals.

4. The main reason for using organic farming methods is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.

3. Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. Chemical

Farming Chemical

Farming Disadvantages Advantages Stopping crop disease and

increase __________ Damaging the land:

Killing the helpful ______ Damaging people’s health:◆Many chemicals in the food supply can lead to cancer or other illnesses.◆Food grows too fast to be full of much ________.

Organic

farming Organic

[来源学科网][来源:Zxxk.Com]

____ To grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health

Methods ◆Using ______ waste from animals as fertilizer ◆Changing _________ in each field every few years◆

Using _________ of soil to plant crops◆

farming

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Planting _____ between crops

Step Ⅲ

Project Persuade farmers to grow the crops by organic farming with the knowledge learnt. ZXXK][来源学科网

What is organic farming?

What fertilizer should they use? Why?

How to plant the different crops? ... Step Ⅳ

Language points Step Ⅴ

Listening

1. What is the main topic of the conversation? The possible bad effects of chemical fertilizers on the fruit and vegetables that we eat today.

2. Listen to the dialogue a second time. Decide if the following statement are true or false.

1. Paul thinks that Carrie is not telling him the truth.[来源学_科_网Z_X_X_K][来源:Zxxk.Com]

2. Using chemical fertilizers always makes vegetables empty inside. 3. Today’s fruit is not as healthy for people as fruit fifty years ago.

4. Eating more vegetables might not always be good for us. 5. All of today’s vegetables look healthy but in fact are not.

Keys: T, F, T, F, T Step Ⅵ

Homework Write a summary of this passage following the procedure. Step 1: Skim the passage to find its main idea. Write it down in your own words. Step 2: Find and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph. Rewrite each topic sentence, using your own words. Do not copy from the passage! Step 3: Write your summary. First sate the main idea of the passage and then the topics covered by each paragraph. Remember, use your own words!

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