Learning about Language教案（名师）

课堂探究

一、英语说说看

和你的同伴用英语讨论一下下列图片的内容，然后把它们和相关的信息匹配起来。

A．Captain Bligh B．Captain Bligh and several of his men were deposited C．A map of Captain Bligh's journey D．A publicity still from the movie Mutiny

on

the

Bounty

答案：1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D 二、把A栏中的单词和B栏中的英文释义相互搭配起来

A

B 1．Survival

2．incident

a．action of going away or leaving b．situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action 3．departure

4．crew

c．to put sb. down in a particular place；to put money in a bank d．happening slowly e．feeling of nervous anxiety，worry or pressure f．state of continuing to live g．desire for drink h．see or know that sth. is going to happen in the future i．event or happening j．all the people working on a ship，plane，etc. 5．deposit

6．dilemma

7．tension

8．gradual

9．foresee

10．thirst

答案：1.f

2.i

3.a

4.j

5.c

6.b

7.e

8.d

9.h 10．g 三、短语互译

A．温故：从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思

1．be determined to do ____________ 2．set out____________ 3．at the mercy of ____________ 4．pick up ____________ 5．take over ____________ 6. on board____________ 7．in addition ____________ 8. after all ____________ 9．lack of ____________ 10．cope with ____________ B．知新：从文中找出下列词组对应的英文。

11．猛扑下来____________ 12．啄食某物____________ 13．在悬崖边上____________ 14．某人一离开……____________ 15．把某人放在……里____________ 16．陷入进退两难的境地____________ 17．航位推算____________ 18．使我们忘记饥渴____________ 19．出发；开始____________ 20．逃离鬼门关____________ 答案：1.决定做……

2.动身；出发

3.受……支配

4．拾起；捡起

5.接管

6.上(车、船、飞机等)

7.另外

8．毕竟

9.缺乏

10.应付；处理

11.swoop down

12.peck at sth.

13.at the edge of the cliff

14.on one's departure from

15.deposit sb. into...

16.be caught in a dilemma

17.dead reckoning

18.take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst

19.set loose

20.escape the jaws of death 四、阅读课文THE GREATEST NAVIGATIONAL JOURNEY：A LESSON IN SURVIVAL，回答下列问题

1．The main idea of the passage is ______. A．how Captain Bligh led us to complete a most difficult navigation with only a compass and a quadrant and lack of food and water B．how Captain Bligh became a hero C．how we were deposited into a small boat D．how we escaped the jaws of death

2．Which of the following is NOT true? A．We were allowed to take a compass and a quadrant. B．The extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with. C．Captain Bligh was determined not to give up although he was extremely weak. D．After 30 days，we arrived in Timor. 3．The phrase “take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst”

is closest in meaning to “______”．

A．leave our stomachs and thirst at home B．remind us of our stomachs and thirst C．keep us informed of our stomachs and thirst D．make us ignore our starvation and thirsty 4．What's the author's attitude to the journey? A．Wonderful.

B．Forgettable. D．Worthless. C．Worthwhile.

答案：1～4 ADDC

1．Our outward voyage in the “Bounty”

to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home. 我们乘坐“邦蒂号”出发到塔希提岛这段航程中充满了各种事件，我以为回国后可以讲这些故事。

剖析：在that引导的定语从句中，I thought可以看作是插入语。

考点

incident

n. 事件；事变

She couldn't erase the incident from her memory. 她难以忘记那次事件。

The serious incident along the border increased our fears of the war. 边境上的紧张局势加重了我们对战争的忧虑。

考点延伸

辨析incident，affair，event，case和matter：

incident指突发事件，多为不同寻常的或引起暴力、危险的事件，特别是引发国际争端或战争的事件。

affair指已发生或必须去做的事，特指重要的事务。

event除了指大事件或事变，还指社会集会或活动、运动会的比赛项目。

case指需要警方调查或法庭判决的案件。

matter指平时所遇到或说到的、人们要考虑和处理的事情。

单项填空

1)The lawyer advised him to drop the ______，since he stood little chance to win. 2)We have no right to interfere in any other country's internal ______. A．event

B．incident C．case

D．affairs 答案：1)case

2)D 2．On our departure from Tahiti，some of the crew took over the ship. 我们一离开塔希提岛，有部分船员就接管了这艘船。

剖析：on one's departure from “某人一离开……”。on＋名词/doing表示“一……就……”。

On receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall，Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. 一接到妻子说她摔了一跤的电话，戈登先生马上离开办公室匆匆赶回家。

考点一

crew n．(轮船，飞机等上的)工作人员；(工作)队

crew是集体名词，本身指整体讲时谓语动词用单数形式，指成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。

常见的集体名词还有：family家人，group组，team队，enemy敌人，class 班，people人们，crowd 人群，youth青年，army 军队，committee委员会。

考点二

departure n. 出发；离开

We made our departure in the early morning. 我们一大早就出发了。

If we had known of your departure，we would have seen you off. 如果我们事先知道你要离开，我们会为你送行。

完成句子

1)The plane is carrying twenty passengers and a ______(机组人员) of five. 2)His __________(离开) was unexpected. 答案：1)crew

2)departure 3．Those of us on board the “Bounty” were caught in a dilemma. 我们在“邦蒂号”上的这些人有点儿进退两难。

考点一

dilemma n. 进退两难的局面

We're in a dilemma—shall we move on or go back? 我们陷入困境——该继续前进还是返回？

We must get out of the dilemma by some means or other. 我们总得想个办法走出进退两难的局面。

归纳：be in a dilemma左右为难

get out_of the dilemma走出困境

考点二

be caught in 陷入

I wish you hadn't been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿你昨天没淋雨。

完成句子

1)The doctor ______________(进退两难) as to whether to tell the patient the truth about his condition or not. 2)Mary is ____________________(面临着难题) of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves. 答案：1)was in a dilemma

2)facing the dilemma 4．The drawback of staying on the ship seemed to grow as I thought about how wrong it was to treat Captain Bligh in this way. 我想到这样对待布莱船长是多么错误的时候，留在船上的不利因素似乎增多了。

剖析：it是about后的宾语从句中的形式主语，to treat Captain Bligh in this way是真正的主语。

考点

drawback n. 缺点；障碍

The great drawback to living near a main road is noise. 住在主道旁最大的缺点是噪音。

The only drawback to the plan is its expense. 该计划实施的唯一障碍是经费问题。

单项填空

1)Lack of funds can be a ______ if you want to invest in a thing. A．death

B．mistake C．thirst

D．drawback 2)Slow speed is ______ of sea shipment. A．the chief drawback

B．chief drawbacks C．chief drawback

D．in chief drawback

答案：1)D

2)A 5．The tension in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually disappeared. 随着食物和水的供应渐渐短缺，船上的气氛也越来越紧张。

考点

gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地

Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential. 周围的农田逐渐变成了住宅区。

China's main objective is to strengthen the nation and gradually raise the standard of living. 中国的主要目标是增强国力，逐步提高生活水准。

拓展：同根词：

gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的

There has been a gradual increase in the number of families owning cars. 拥有汽车的家庭数量一直在逐步增加。

单句改错

Only a few yards away from the shoreline will you notice a gradually slope. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：gradually→gradual 6．We could foresee that we would die if we could not reach land very soon and we sank gradually into a sleepy，half-alive state. 可以预见到，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑，逐渐地我们陷入一种昏昏欲睡、奄奄一息的状态。

剖析：在宾语从句中用了与当时情况有关的虚拟语气。在虚拟条件句中，如果有were，should，had这三个词，通常将if省略，把动词提前，变成“were/should/had＋主语”的形式。

Had I time，I would go to the countryside with my father. 我如果有时间，会和父亲去乡下的。

考点

foresee vt. 预见；

预知

Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear. 在走向成功的路途中，能够预见到困难的人在困难真正出现的时候可能会保持冷静。

拓展：同义词：forecast，foretell，predict

单项填空

1)If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. A．could not

B．can not D．might not

C．should not

2)______ to do the work，I should do it some other day. A．If were I

B．I were

C．Were I

D．Was I 3)We ______the trouble months ago.

A．should have foreseen C．should foresee

答案：1)B

2)C

3)A

B．foresee D．foresaw 7．You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat. 你简直无法想象我们被放逐在小船上漂泊了40多天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。

剖析：1)动词-ing形式disturbing修饰sight，作定语。

2)when arriving...作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句when we arrived...。

3)being...作介词的宾语，after being set loose相当于after we were set loose...。只有当主句的主语和从句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句才能省略主语和be动词。

考点一

set loose 出发；开始

You may set loose at 7：00 a．m.and come back at 4：00 p．m. 你们可以早上7点出发，下午4点回来。

拓展：同义词组：leave for，set out，start off 考点二

imagine后可跟动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式为一般式时通常表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。

单项填空

1)—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. —My goodness! I can't imagine ______ that old. A．to be

B．to have been C．being

D．having been 2)______ into the house，the thief fled away. A．When rushing B．When the policemen rushed C．When the policemen were rushed D．When was rushing 答案：1)C

2)B 8．Grammar

谓语的定义

谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征或状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成

1．简单谓语

由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语叫简单谓语。

He practises speaking English every morning.

他每天早上练习讲英语。

Yesterday afternoon he reached Canada. 昨天下午他到达加拿大。

I have got rid of my bad habits. 我已经改掉了我的坏习惯。

Mary takes good care of her mother. 玛丽细心照料她的母亲。

2．复合谓语

复合谓语有两种：动词性复合谓语和名词性复合谓语

1)动词性复合谓语是由情态动词或助动词加动词原形或动词短语构成的谓语。

You may keep the books and magazines for one week. 这些书和杂志你可以借用一周。

You'd better not go out at night. 你晚上最好不要出门。

He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor. 他患了重感冒，必须去看医生。

She doesn't seem to like skating.她似乎不喜欢滑冰。

We are going to call on him tonight. 我们打算今晚去拜访他。

2)名词性复合谓语是由系动词(如be，look，feel，sound，smell等)加表语构成的谓语。

①be(系动词)＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/数词等。

He is a teacher from Beijing. 他是一位来自北京的老师。

I'm very happy to hear what he said. 听到他说的话我很高兴。

He was out when I called him. 我给他打电话时，他在外面。

Our school is at the foot of a hill. 我们的学校在山脚下。

②look/sound/smell/taste/feel/become/turn/grow/get/go/seem/appear等半系动词＋adj.(表语)，这些词不用被动，也不用进行时态。

This kind of food tastes good and sells well. 这种食物好吃，且销路好。

Milk goes bad easily.牛奶很容易变质。

He looks a bit excited.他看上去有些激动。

3．谓语的五种基本句型

1)主语＋系动词＋表语

2)主语＋谓语(vi.)＋状语

3)主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语

4)主语＋谓语(vt.)＋双宾语

5)主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语

Leaves turn green in spring.春天树叶变绿。

He runs quickly.他跑得很快。

The project ended last month.工程上个月结束了。

He answered my letters.他给我写了回信。

I don't know when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

Our teacher recommended some good books to us/us some good books. 老师给我们推荐了一些好书。

He bought me some flowers.＝He bought some flowers for me. 他给我买了一些花。

He explained to us why he didn't come to the party. 他向我们解释他为什么没有参加晚会。

He made the kid cry just now. 刚才他把这个孩子弄哭了。

Nobody found him cheating in the exam. 没有人发现他在考试中作弊。

4．谓语的时态

英语动词用不同的时态表示不同时间所发生的动作，动词通过不同形式的变化表示不同的时态。英语动词的时态总共有十六种。现以动词work为例，列表如下：

时态

一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在

work/works

过去

worked

had worked had been working 将来

过去将来

5.谓语的语态

谓语分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示谓语的动作或状态是由主语发出的；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

1)一般现在时的被动语态

All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理之外的所有雇员都被鼓励在家用网络工作。

2)一般过去时的被动语态

The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。

3)一般将来时的被动语态

The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. 如果能够说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数就会大大减少。

4)现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态

The building is being built.这座楼正在被建设之中。

The car was being repaired when I came in. 我进来时那辆车正被修理。

5)现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态

Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。

The book had been translated into 3 languages by 2002. 到2002年为止，这本书已经被译成了3种语言。

单项填空

1)(2013·四川高考)Hurry up，kids！The school bus ______ for us! A．waits

C．waited

B．was waiting D．is waiting

2)(2013·湖南高考)Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat ______ us. A．bothers

B．had bothered D．bothered C．would bother

3)Just be patient.You ______ expect the world to change so soon.

A．can't

B．needn't C．may not

D．will not 4)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. A．is made

B．would make D．had made C．was to be made

5)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ______ evening dress. A．wear

B．wears D．have worn C．has worn

6)I wasn't sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite. A．was just being

C．had just been

B．will just be D．would just be 7)When Alice came to，she did not know how long she ______ there. A．had been lying

C．was lying

B．has been lying D．has lain 8)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A．will

B．can

C．must

D．should 9)If you don't like the drink you ______，just leave it and try a different one. A．ordered

C．will order

B．are ordering D．had ordered 10)—What do you think of store shopping in the future? —Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but ______. A．will never replace B．would never replace C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced 答案：1)D

2)A

3)A

4)C

5)B

6)A

7)A

8)D

9)A

10)C