Learning about Language课堂实录及点评

人教版英语必修二

Unit 3 Computers 重难点

Teaching Goals 1. Talk about the history of computer and the possible development of robots, etc. 2. Practise talking about imaginary robots. 3. Practise making decisions and reasoning 4. Learn to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice 5. Do an imaginative writing 6. Learn to write a news report. 重点词汇：common

go by

deal/ do with make up as

as

a

result

follow

重点句型：so...that... 结果状语从句

重点语法：现在完成时的被动语态

词组识记：

1. sound simple

听起来简单

2. a technological revolution

技术革命

3. artificial intelligence

人工智能

4. begin as

作为…开始

5. solve/settle a problem

解决问题

6. a simple-minded man

一个头脑简单的人7. mathematical problem

数学问题

8. be totally changed

被完全改变了

9. share information with

与…信息共享

10. serve the human race

为人类服务

11. common knowledge

常识

12. deal with

处理

13. in my opinion

在我看来

14. public opinion

公众舆论

15 an analytical method

分析法

16. share a room with

与…共居一室

17. connect with

与…有关

18. go by

（从…旁）走过

19. bring into effect

使生效

20. the common people

老百姓

21. get together

聚集

22. after all

毕竟

23. with the help of

在…的帮助下

24. make up

编造，化妆

25. a personal letter

私人信件

26. watch over

看守，监视

27. have a good time

玩得愉快

28. once a year

一年一度

29. make a decision

做出决定

30. allow sb. to do sth.

允许某人干某事

calculate after all

31. building materials

建筑材料

32. in fact

事实上

33. create a new building

创建一栋新楼

34. in a way

在某种程度上

重点单词用法例析: 1. calculate v. 计算，认为，打算，指望

Have you calculated the result?

你算出结果了吗？

I calculate that we’ll be in time.

我认为我们是来得及的。

The room is not calculated to use like this. 没有打算将这个房间这样用。

We cannot calculate on his help. 我们不能指望他的帮助。

【点拨】1. vt & vi 计算，后接名词，代词，从句也可以单独使用。

如：He hasn’t calculated the result. 他还没有计算出结果。

2. vt & vi 估计

如：Let’s calculate what it will cost. 让我们计算一下要花多少成本。

3. vt.计划，打算，常用于被动语态。]

如：This ad is calculated to attract the attention of young people.

这个广告计划以年轻人为宣传对象。

随时练

This ad is ______to attract much attention.

A. calculated

B. computed

C. attempted

D. estimated

【解析】

句意：“广告的目的是吸引注意力”。

computed 计算；

attempted 企图

试图；estimated 估计。

【答案】

A 2. common adj. 共有的，公共的；普通的，常见的

1. We are working together for a common purpose. 我们在为一个共同的目标努力工作。

2. Jackson is a common English name . 杰克逊是常见的英语人名。

3. Smith is a common name in England. 在英国Smith是个很普通的名字。

4. A great interest in music was common to them. 他们对音乐都有着共同的强烈兴趣。

in common (with) (和……)一样

have sth. in common (with) (与……)有共同之处

5. They are brothers, but they have nothing in common. 他们虽是兄弟，但毫无共同之处。

6 In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop music.

和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，而不喜欢流行音乐。

【拓展】常用于

have...in common with...和in common with引起的短语做状语。

随时练

翻译句子：

1) 像许多年轻的夫妇一样,他们不喜欢跟父母住在一起。

2) 我们在业余爱好方面有许多共同之处。

3) 这两次地震有什么共同点吗?

4) 这游泳池由附近的孩子们共同使用。

【答案】1. In common with many young couples, they do not like to live with their parents.

2. We have a lot in common with each other in hobby.

3. Do the two earthquakes have anything in common?

4. The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the neighborhood.

3. simple-minded adj. 头脑简单的

The teacher said that some students were simple-minded.

老师说有些学生头脑简单。

注：simple (adj.)+ mind (n.)–ed = simple-minded (adj.) 类似的复合形容词还有：

absent-minded心不在焉的

small-minded气量狭小的narrow-minded心胸狭小的

broad-minded 宽宏大量的

noble-minded思想高尚的fair-minded公正的

high-minded 高尚的

short-sighted目光短浅的

far-sighted 目光远大的

good-tempered脾气好的

bad-tempered 坏脾气的

warm-hearted热心的

warm-blooded 温血的

cold-blooded 冷血的

4. anyway （=anyhow）adv. 无论怎样，不管怎样；反正，而且

Anyway, let’s forget about that for the moment.

不管怎样，让我们暂时忘了那件事情。

It’s too late now, anyway.

反正现在也太晚了。

5. totally adv. 完全地，彻底地

（=completely）

They come from totally different families. 他们来自完全不同的家庭。

What he did was totally unacceptable.

他所做的是完全不能接受的。

注：

in total = in all 总共，总计

6. type n. 类型，样式；典范，典型

I love this type of book. 我喜欢这类书籍。

Yao Ming is a fine type of basketball player. 姚明是篮球运动员的典范。

注：区分：type, kind 和

sort type 侧重“典型，型号”。

a rare blood type “罕见的血型”

kind 能放在一起的性质相同或相似的一类，“种类”。

three kinds of cakes “三种蛋糕”。

sort 大体相似的事物所形成的种类，意义较为含糊。

特别注意：This kind/ type/ sort of + 单数名词或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

These kinds/types/sorts of + 复数名词或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。

7. personally adv. 就本人而言，就个人意见；本人，亲自

Personally, I prefer the second option. 就我个人而言，我倾向于第二种选择。

All letters will be answered personally. 所有的信件都将由本人亲自答复。

8. create v. 创造，创建；塑造；册封

We should create more wealth for our society. 我们应该为社会创造更多的财富。

Shakespeare created many comic characters. 莎士比亚塑造了许多喜剧人物。

He was created Prince of Wales. 他被封为威尔士王子。

9. wander v. 徘徊，漫游；蜿蜒；走神，（思想）开小差；

She wandered aimlessly around the streets.她在大街上漫无目的的闲逛。

The path wanders along through the hills. 这条路蜿蜒曲折地穿过丘陵。

In class, try not to let your mind wander. 在课堂上，尽量别让你的思想开小差。

注：wonder v. 想知道；n. 奇迹

10. follow

【原句回放】look at the following sentence. (page 21, line 1)

【点拨】follow 跟随；沿着；听懂；遵循；听从

follow one’s instructions 执行(某人的)指令

1. Follow this road, and you'll get there. 沿着这条路走，你就会到那儿。

2. I'm sorry I don't quite follow you. 对不起，我不太明白你的意思。

3. You should follow the rules of the lab when you are doing experiment.

你们做实验时，就应该遵守实验室的规则。

4. If you follow my advice and study hard, you will pass the exam.

如果你听从我的劝告而努力学习，你考试就能及格。

随时练

1. There was a terrible noise_____ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. being followed

C. to be followed

D. following

2.他说得那么快，我都听不清了。

3.老师命令学生及早到达。

【解析】1. 声音在闪电之后，是一种主动的跟随。

【答案】1. D

2. He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him.

3. The teacher gave the students instructions to arrive early. 词组句型用法精解：

1. go by 经过，过去

Time goes by slowly. 时间慢慢过去。

Don’t let the opportunity go by. 请勿错失良机。

【原句回放】As time went by, I was made smaller.

【点拨】go by 经过(某地)；(时间)过去；(机会等)失去；遵循，依据……办事

go by = pass

如：A car went by at full speed. 一辆汽车全速驶过。

The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢地过去了。

Don't let this chance go by. 不要错失这次机会。

That is a good rule to go by. 那是需要遵守的好规章。

【拓展】go by也可表示“按……行事”“从……看来”。

随时练

1. Three years _______without our knowing it.

A. went by

B. passed by

C. went on

D. passed on

2. Don’t go _______that clock. It’s fast.

A. to

B.on

C. from

D. by

【解析】

1. 表示时间的流逝。B项表示从……旁边经过，C项表示进展；D项表示传递。

2. go by也可表示“按……行事””从……看来”。

【答案】1. A 2. D 2. so….that…. 如此……以至于……

重点句型：

so...that... 结果状语于从句

【原句回放】And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it!

【点拨】so…that…是引导结果状语从句的连词，表示“如此……以致于……”，因为so副词，所以后面接形容词或副词，构成：

1) 主语

+ be + so + adj. + that ...

如：It is so cold today that I can’t go out now. 外边太冷了以至于我不能出门

2) 主语

+ vt. / vi. + adv. + that...

如：He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑的太快以至于我赶不上他。

3) 主语

+ 谓语

+ so + adj. + a + n. + that...

如：It is so cold a day that I can’t have to put on more clothes.

这是多么冷的一天以至于我不得不穿更多的衣服。

4) 主语

+ 谓语

+ so + many/ much + n. + that...

如：He ate so much food that he could hardly bend his body.

他吃了太多的食物以至于他都不能弯腰。

【拓展】such...that...也引导结果状语从句，也表示“如此……以致于……”。但因为such是形容词，所以后面常接名词，构成：

1) 主语

+ be + such + a(adj.) + n + that ...

He is such a (bad) person that no one likes him.

2) 主语

+ 行为动词

+ such + a(adj.) + n + that...

He made such rapid progress that he took the first place in this exam.

so…that与

such...that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school. 这个小男孩太小以至于不能去上学。

so...that与so that的区别：

so...that表示“如此……以至于……”，so that既可以表示“目的”又可表示“如此……以至于……”。例如：

①

Black hurried so that he might not miss the train. (目的)

②

She was speaking very quietly, so that it was difficult to hear what she said. (结果)

③

He worked so fast that he made a great many mistakes. (结果)

随时练

1. She told us ______ story that we all forget the time.

A. such an interesting

B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting

D. a so interesting

2. The mountain was ____ steep ____ few people in our city reached the top.

A. so...as

B. so...that

C. as...as

D. too...to

【解析】

1. 因为中心词为名词story，所以被形容词such修饰，符合“主语

+ be + such + a(adj.) + n +

that...”句型，若用so...that...应当为so interesting a story that结构。

2. steep 为形容词，后接句子。so...that...是引导结果状语从句的连词。

【答案】1. A

2. B 3. share ….with….与某人分享

Would you like to share your experience with the rest?

你愿意把你的经验与其他人共享吗？

Lucy shares a room with Lily.

露西与李利同住一个房间。

4. deal with 处理，对付;关于，有关

Such people are difficult to deal with. 这种人不好对付。

This book deals with the Middle East. 这本书是关于中东的。

注：区分：deal with 和do with deal with 常与连接副词how连用；do with常与连接代词what连用。

翻译：我不知道怎样对付他。

I don’t know how to deal with him.

I don’t know what to do with him.

5. in a way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上

In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes. 从某种意义上来说，这是我们犯的最大错误之一。

注：in the/sb’s way 挡道，挡路

You’ll have to move—you’re in my way. 你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。

6. make up 化装，化妆；捏造，虚构；整理，收拾

【名师点拨】

make up

1) 为自己[某人]化妆

如：She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party.

她花了一个小时的时间来给自己化妆。

2) 形成、

构成或组成某物

如：What are the qualities that make up her character? 她的人物性格是什么？

3) 将几种东西放在一起

如：She made up a basket of food for the picnic. 她把野餐的食物都放在篮子里了。

4) 铺（床）；支起（临时床）

如：We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.

我们在空房间为客人支起临时的床。

5) 捏造、

虚构某事（尤指为欺骗某人）

如：I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.

我不记得讲给小朋友的故事了，所以我编造了一个。

6) 与某人和解或和好

如：Has he made it up with her yet? 他已经和她和好了。

【拓展】

1) be made up of... 作“由……组成的”解，

是被动形式。

其主动形式是make up。

如：This team is made up of ten players. 这个队伍是由10个队员组成。

2) be made of 意为“由……做成”，该短语指成品中可以看出原材料。

如：These bottles are made of glass. 这些瓶子是由玻璃制成。

3) be made from 意为“由……做成”，指成品制成后，已看不出原材料。

如：Gas is made from coal. 天然气是由煤制成。

4) be made into意为“被做成……”，该短词指某种原料制成某种成品。

如：Stone can be made into bridges. 石头可以被制成桥。

5) be made in意为“在……制造”，强调产地。

如：This kind of watch is made in China. 这种表是在中国制造。

6) be made by意为“由……制造”

强调动作发出者。

如：The factory makes this kind of new TV set. 这种电视是由这个厂家制造。

随时练

1. Every time he is late, he’ll ______ an excuse.

A. take up

B. give up

C. send up

D. make up

2. —Do you believe what he said?

—I think it is an excuse ______ by him.

A. made up

B. to make up

C. make up with

D. made of

【解析】1. A项意为“占据（空间）”；

B项意为“放弃”C项意为“发送”D项意为“编制”。

2. 过去分词作定语修饰excuse，说明excuse是动作承受者。

【答案】1. D 2. A。

7. after all 毕竟，终究，归根结底；别忘了

So you’ve come after all.

你终究还是来了。

After all, what does it matter? 归根结底，那又有什么关系呢？

She should have offered to pay--- she ‘s a millionaire, after all. 她应该主动提出付款---别忘了，她是个百万富翁。

【原句回放】

After all, with the help of my computer brain which never forgets anything, intelligence is what I’m all about. (p23, line 18)

【点拨】after all

1) 终究；

毕竟

如：I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best.

我知道他没有完成工作，但是毕竟他已经尽力了。

2) 尽管

如：

After all our advice, he insists on going. 尽管我们建议了，但是他仍然坚持执行。

【拓展】all组成的其它重点短语

above/ beyond all 最重要的是，首先；尤其是，特别是

at all 完全，全然；究竟；竟然；在任何程度上

I didn't enjoy it at all. 我一点都不喜欢它。

first of all 首先

in all 总计；总的说来

There were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我们一共12人去用餐

worst of all 最最/特别/最糟糕的是

Not at all. 一点也不；根本不；哪儿的话；别客气；没有什么。

That's all. 没有别的了；完了；没了别的办法。

随时练

People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ______, she is a great musician.

A. After all

B. As a result

C. In other words

D. As usual

【解析】答案A。解题的关键是选项和句子意思的吻合，“人们对Karen有不同的观点，但我还是钦佩她，毕竟她是伟大的音乐家。”

【答案】A 8. watch over = take care of 照料，照管

Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday?我度假的时候，你能帮我照顾我的狗吗？

9. 比较级

+ and + 比较级，

“越来越……”

He ran faster and faster so that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得越来越快，我不能赶上他。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。

10. be the size of “有……的大”，the size前通常有数词或倍数做定语。

This room is the size of that one. = This room is as big as that one. 这房子和那间房子一样大。

That building being built there is five times the size of this old one. 现在正在被建的那栋房子是那栋旧房子的五倍一样大。

注：be the length of = be as long as ;

be the width of = be as wide as; be the depth of = be as deep as be the height of = be as high as 真题：At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain.(05, 上海) A. three times the size as

B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of

D. three

times the size of 解析：答案：D. 句意：粗略估计，尼日利亚是英国的三倍一样大。

11. deal/ do with

【原句回放】...cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.（p24）

【点拨】

1) 处理某人所提出的问题或任务; 对待、

对付某人：

如：Such people are difficult to deal with. 这种人不好对付。

2) 与某人有社交、

商业等关系：

如：We have dealt with the company for 10 years. 我们同那家公司打了十年的交道了

3) 处理（问题、

任务等）；料理某事：

如：How shall we deal with the problem? 我们将如何处理这个问题呢?

4) 以某事物作为内容; 讨论某事物：

如：This book deals with problems of pollution. 这本书论述污染问题。

【拓展】同义词do with处理……处置；对待；放置。二者的区别：

1）do with 常与疑问词what连用。

如：She didn't know what to do with the rubbish. 她不知道怎么处理那些垃圾。

The woman teacher didn't know what to do with the class.

那个女老师不知道如何管理这个班。

注意：用do with，不要有被动式。

2）deal with作“对待，处理”解时，常与how连用。

如：He knows well how to deal with thieves. 他知道怎么处理这些小偷。.

注意：deal with还有个常用意思，即“与……交易”，此时不可和被动语态。

如：Our country has dealt with that country for 20 years.

我们国家已经和这个国家交易了20年。

随时练

1. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.

A. it what to do with

B. what to do with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

【解析】本题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语的用法，由于do with是及物动词，必须有自己的宾语。

【答案】1. C 12. as a result

【原句回放】As a result, I totally changed my shape. (page 18, line 19)

【点拨】as a result 意为结果，为副词用法。

as a result of意为

“由于……的原因”。后接名词或代词，相当于because of。若表示

“结果；因此”, 可用as a result。

如：As a result of the Middle East War, a lot of people were away from their home.

由于中东战争的爆发，很多人背井离乡。

It doesn’t often rain here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden.

这经常不下雨，因此我们不得不给菜园浇水。

随时练

The enemy had to lay down their arms_____ the great force of our army.

A. as a result

B. as a result of

C. resulting in

D. resulted from

【解析】句意：“敌人不得不放下武器”是“由于我军的强大力量”的结果。C项是造成……的结果。

【答案】B 课文长句难点剖析：

1. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1936 wrote a book to describe how computers can be made to

work, and built a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.

剖析：在该句中My real father was Alan Turing 是主句，

who引导的是定语从句修饰Alan Turing. 定语从句中状语to describe后又带有一个宾语从句。

译文：我真正的父亲是艾伦•图灵，他在1936年曾写过一本书，书中描述了使用计算机的方法，并且他还制作了一台“通用机器”来解决数学问题。

2. After all, with the help of my computer brain which never forgets anything, intelligence is what I’m all about! 剖析：在该句中intelligence is ….是主句，前面是with the help of….介词短语，只是在这个介词短语中用了一个which引导的定语从句来修饰先行词brain。

译文：不管怎样，在我过目不忘的计算机头脑的帮助下，智能就是我的一切。

语法归纳——被动语态：

主动形式，被动意义

1．

动词不定式主动表被动

1）不定式作定语，和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要参加。

He needs a room to live in. 他需要一间房子住。

2）

在“be + 形容词

+ 不定式”结构中，此类形容词常有：big, small, easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, important, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible, nice, beautiful等。

The water is fit to drink. 这水适合饮用。

The house was difficult to find. 那座房子难找。

3）

不定式与疑问代词连用时。

The question is what to do next. 问题是下步该做什么。

I don’t know whom to tell.

我不知道该告诉谁。

4）

某些动词的不定式（如to blame, to seek, to let等）与be 连用时。

The house is to let. 此房出租。

I felt I was to blame, too. 我觉得我也应受到责备

。

2．V-ing形式主动表被动

1）

在need, want, require（需要）等后作宾语的-ing形式的动词，用主动形式表被动意义。

The machines want repairing. = The machines want to be repaired. 机器需要修理。

The walls need painting. = The walls need to be painted.

墙需要粉刷。

2）

在形容词worth后，总是用动名词主动形式表被动意义。

This book is worth reading. = This book is worthy of being read. = This book is worthy to be done.这本书值得读。

3）

在介词past和beyond后常用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。

The beauty of West Lake is really beyond painting. 西湖之美，难以描述。

The old house is past repairing.

这座旧房子无法再修了。

4）

少数暗含持续状态的动词的进行时也能表达被动意义。

The books are publishing. 书正在出版中。

3.

当主语是物时，有些表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词可以表达被动意义。这样的不及物动词有：lock,shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw,cut, tear, burn, cook, wear, last等。

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

This room cleans very easily. 这个房间很容易打扫。

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

4. 表感觉，状态和特征的连系动词，如smell, feel, sound, prove, look, taste等，用主动形式表被动意义。

His reason sounds reasonable. 他的解释听起来很有道理。

Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。