Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending第一课时教学实录

The Second Period Reading

Teaching Aims:

a. Learn and master the key words and expressions

voyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updated tendency reliable at the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to , …

b. Train the students’ reading ability. Let the students have some knowledge of early navigational methods. Explain how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the 17th century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.

Teaching Difficult Points: a.How to help the students understand the reading passage better. b.How to improve the student’s reading ability.

Teaching Methods: a.Scanning the text to get the general idea of it. b.Carefully reading to finish the Comprehending exercises on page 14. c.Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better.

Teaching Aids: The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboard Teaching procedures & ways

Step1 Greetings Greet the whole class as usual.

Step2

Revision

Check the homework exercises.

Step 3 Presentation Present the students a map of the world and tell them “Today we are going to learn a new unit “Sailing the oceans”. Then ask them to turn to page 11 and give them a few minutes to have a discussion.

Step 4 Discussion In pairs discuss the questions on page11.This discussion is intended for students to explore the difference between a navigator and an explorer. This difference is important to establish because it encourages students to appreciate shades of meaning in the definitions f words and also because it establishes the idea of categories. After a few minutes, ask some pairs to speak out their result of the discussion. Then sum up and check the answers.

A navigator explores new routes across the sea. An explorer discovers new places on land. A navigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments. An explorer is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it. Very often navigators are also explorers. In history there are four famous voyage explorers in the world, including Zheng He in China, James Cook in England, Christopher Columbus in Spain and Abel Tasman in Holland. In this unit we’ll talk about Zheng He, James Cook and some other explorers like Marco Polo and Captain Bligh.

Step5 Pre-reading Show the students some pictures to see if they can identify the early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they used.

Step6 Fast- reading 1.What is the type of writing of the passage? A. Narration(记叙文)

B. exposition (说明文)

C. argumentation (议论文)

2. How many instruments are used to find latitude? A. 3

B. 4

C. 2

D. 5 Keys:BB

Step7 Careful- reading 1.How did they use nature to help sail the oceans? 2.Why did they use instruments in the sailing? 1. Page 1 How did seamen explore the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position? Using nature Keeping alongside the coastline Using celestial bodies Using wildlife Using the weather Using the sea Use the information to analyze the navigational skills and write the answers in your own words. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used _______________________. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw ______________________________ . Sailors used _____________________ to increase their speed. Keys: 1.

the North Star and the sun

2.

clouds, fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog

3.

sea currents or tides and wilds 2.

Page 1 What skills did sailors use to explore the seas and discover new lands? Using navigational instruments

Using instruments Write down the working principles of the following instruments. Bearing circle: to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. Astrolabe:

to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.

Quadrant: a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position) Sextant: an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ship’s position).

3.

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant?

(

)

What is the use of a compass?

(

)

A.

to set the course of the ship

B. to measure the position of the ship

C. to measure the speed of the ship

D. to tell the time Type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN.

Step8 Summary 1. What is the text mainly about? A. How seamen explored the oceans and the instruments they used. B. How seamen sailed around the oceans. C. What kinds of navigational instruments the navigators used. D. How to explore the oceans. 2. How many navigational instruments are mentioned in search of longitude and latitude? A. Four.

B. Five

.C. Six.

D. Seven. 3. What does the word “random”

in “Finding latitude”

stand for? A. Organized.

B. Intentional. C. Arbitrary.

D. Planned. 4. Without secure method of measuring longitude before the 17th century, the British sailors really knew ____ . A. how to estimate longitude using speed and time B. how to measure speed involved throwing a knotted rope

C. how to count the knots as a ship advanced through the water D. what to do deal with the compass to calculate longitude 5. We can infer from the passage that ___ . A. earliest seamen explored the oceans since latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position B. earliest sailors only used celestial bodies, the weather, and tides and currents to navigate C. the first seamen began to use navigational instruments to find longitude instead of using nature D. in history of sailing the oceans, man mainly used mature to sail before navigational instruments were made Keys:AACBD

Step9 Consolidation Before latitude and longitude made

1

possible to plot a ship's

position,

the sailors were not at the

2

(merciful)of the sea. Using nature

to help seems to

3

(be)the first and most useful form of exploration

4

carried the minimum amount of risk,

5

(especial)

keeping alongside the coastline. They used celestial bodies

6

(identify) direction.

7

(accomplish) navigators were able to use the

8

(high) of the sun ,the

color and smell of

the

seaweed

and

birds

9

(return) to land in the evening to know

their position. They observed the winds

10

their journeys. Keys:1. it

2. mercy 3. have been

4. which/that

5. especially 6.

to identify

7. Accomplished

8. height

9. returning

10. before

Step10 Discussion What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? You were far from land and a storm arose.

You knew your latitude but didn’t know your longitude.

You were blown off-course.

You were offshore but you needed more food and water. You wanted to keep a straight course.

You were lost with no land in sight.