Learning about Language教学设计及教案分析

教学设计

Unit 3

Computers

Learning about Language 西安市第70中学

朱逸麟

I 教学内容分析

本单元的中心话题是“计算机”。

Warming up部分用图片呈现了计算机发展的历史，让学生通过看图讨论的方式了解计算机的发展和演变过程。

Reading部分编者采用了拟人化的手法向读者介绍了计算机的发展历程。

Comprehending部分包括三个练习，分别从事实层面、分析层面和拓展层面考察学生对文章的理解和运用情况。

Learning about language部分的活动突出了形容词和副词用法的区别，并扣本单元的语法点（现在完成时的被动语态）。

Using language部分的听力材料中谈论的是信息技术的几种形态或载体（包括收音机、书籍、电视和电脑；在读说活动中，通过智能机器人参加足球赛的经历向读者介绍了计算机运用的另外一个例子。

Learning Tip部分鼓励学生利用图书馆，网络等课外资源学习英语，有利于学生使用资源策略。

Reading for Fun 部分是一首活泼风趣的小诗，以拟人的方法让机器人自述了心声：尽管日夜忙碌，为人服务，但它相信自己和真实的人类没什么两样。

II．教学重点和难点

1．教学重点

(1) 本单元的生词和短语；

(2)

通过学习本单元，使学生了解计算机的发展历程，及其在当今社会的广泛运用；

(3)

鼓励学生用英语表达自己的观点，进行简单的推理和做出决定。

2．教学难点

(1) 教会学生通过时间的先后顺序来表达一件事；

(2) 使学生了和掌握现在完成时的被动语态的用法；

(3) 指导学生按类别归纳整理词汇，让学生学会有效地记忆词汇的方法；

(4) 引导学生发现本单元重点语言结构，让学生自己发现并感悟相关的语言规律，在学习过程中培养语感。

III．教学计划

本单元分六课时：

第一课时：Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading 第二课时：Language points

第三课时：Learning about language

第五课时：Speaking, Reading, Writing

IV．教学步骤：

Learning about Language

Step 1：

Learning about Language 1. Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.

1.

_________ complete change in ways of thinking, working, etc. 2. ________ connected computer system 3. ________ to make things easier 4. ________ to find the answer using

numbers 5. _______ can be moved easily from

place

to place 6.________ to work out the answer to a problem 7.

_______ to travel around an area to find

out about it 8. ______ completely 9. _______ anyway 10. _______ activity of managing money

2.

Complete the passage with the words below.

artificial technology intelligent Web applications explore reality logically

My brother was very interested in computers and enjoyed writing programs of his own. He used to download information from the Internet and made good use of it. He liked to _______ the World Wide _____ and used the Internet to communicate with computer programmers all over the world. When he went to university he studied IT (information __________) and developed a special interest in ________ intelligence. After developing special __________ of the computer, he hopes to design an _________ robot which can think ________ and look like a human being, but in ______ he has a long way to go. Step 2.：Grammar

Discovering useful structures Purpose:

To get Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: present perfect passive voice.

Presentation ：Look at the following sentence, paying attention to the underlined part. EXAMPLE: Over time I have changed a lot. Can you pick out more than two sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage? 1. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.

3. Since the 1970s many applications have been found for me. 4. …

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响.

1. 现在完成时被动语态肯定句

主语+has/ have been +P.P.+... (P.P.=动词的过去分词形式) Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被盗了。

All the offices have been linked by computer. 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作

2. 现在完成时被动语态否定句

主语+has/ have +not+ been+ P.P.+... The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。

Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company. 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人

3. 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句

Has he(she, it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+...? Has a new computer been bought? 买了一台新电脑吗? Have they been sent abroad to study Eng-lish? 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗? 4. 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句

疑问词+have (has)+主语+been+ P.P.+...? What has been bought by Tom? 汤姆已经买了什么东西? Who have been helped by the new computer? 谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助? How many buildings have been built in

this school?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?

Where has the car been repaired? 这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?

1.

副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

如:[误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself. [正] The door has opened of itself. 3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。

如：The SARS patients have been taken good care of. 4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open,

join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought?

How long ago was this book bought? 主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾

语, 将主格改为宾格。如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the

factory.

歌诀是: 宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。

4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的

一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不动。

主动: I have given him the key.

被动: He has been given the key. 被动: The key has been given (to) him. 5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,

只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动, 改称主语补足语。

主动: I have asked her to help you被动: She has been asked to help you. Step 3.：

Practice

Change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice.

1. A new personal computer has been bought by my friend.

2. My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly. 3. My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus. 4. The problem have not been solved by us yet. 5. The computers has been given away to a local school by the company. 6. A kind of intelligent robot has been developed by the scientists. Purpose: To get Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercise.

Fill the blanks with the correct tense. A. –The window

is dirty.

It ____________ ________ (not clean) for weeks.

B. ---George and Lucy got married last week. Did they have a big wedding?---No, I __________________

(not invite)

Did they have a big wedding?

C. ---Have you moved to your new apartment?

---Not yet, it _______________(paint) at the moment. D.

too much. The students have been made __________(not play) computer games

E.

Since then, all different kinds of information ____________________(处理)by

computers.

F.

He doesn’t mind the story _____________(编造) in this way.

G.

Do you know how many websites there are

________________(连接)? Suggested Answers:

A. hasn’t been cleaned

B. hadn’t been invited

C. is being painted

D.

not to play

E. has been dealt with

F. being made up

G. to be connecte 改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us. 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer. 3. A PC has been built the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has just been joined to the internet. 5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years. 用动词正确形式填空。

1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I

_______________ (use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.

2. Over time my memory ______________ (develop) so much that, like an elephant,

I never forget anything I __________________(told). 3. Since the 1970s many new applications

__________________ (find) for me.

4. I have also ___________(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as _________(help) with medical operations.

5. I ____________________(put) into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

用被动语态改写下列句子。

1.

They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.

2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year. 3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.

4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.

5. The government has spent a lot of

money on the Hope Project.

Step 4：Homework

Try to remember the grammar rules and do exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 2