Learning about Language教案和课堂实录

Unit3 Computers

Learning about Language Teaching aims: 1.Master the words and phrases; 2.Master the grammar: the present perfect passive voice Key points and difficult points:1.How to master the words and phrases; 2.How to master the grammar. Teaching procedures: Step I Revision A. words 1.download vt.下载

2.virus n.病毒

B. phrases

1.make use of利用

make good use of充分利用

make good/full/the best/most use of充分利用

make use of...to do...利用……去做… …

2.come true成为现实

3.by the time到……为止

4.give...away捐赠，赠送；泄露；放弃，丧失give back归还；返回；恢复；后退

give in呈交；屈服；让步 give out分发；耗尽；精疲力竭

give up放弃；投降 give way to让位于；被……代替

C. Sentences 1.He used to download information from the Internet and made good use of it. 他过去经常从网上下载信息并好好使用它。

2.By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true. 到我16岁时，我的梦想已经成为现实。

Step II Practice Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.You can sign in www.sina.com, where you might download all you need. 2.This machine has a universal(广泛的) use in the home. 3.The little girl looked very intelligent(聪明伶俐). 4.The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project. 5.The H7N9 was caused by viruses(病毒) that produced in the cell inside the birds or

domestic fowl(家禽). Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.I’d like to talk to you about a personal (person) matter. 2.They come from totally (total) different cultures. 3.The desire to look attractive is universal (universe). 4.They seemed to have a perfect marriage but the reality(real) was very different. 5.This manuscript is so good that it deserves publication. Ⅲ.完成句子

1.我们应该充分利用时间学习使用电脑。

We should make full use of time to learn how to use computers. 2.这项工程在1990年年底已经竣工。

The project had been completed by the end of 1990. 3.恐怕孩子们会把这件整件事说出去。

I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away. 4.莉莉想当电影明星的梦想成为了现实。

Lily’s dream of being a film star has come true. 5.随着我年龄的增长，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。

As I grow older，things seem to get worse.

Step III

Grammar

现在完成时的被动语态

1.现在完成时的被动语态的构成句式

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

2.现在完成时的被动语态的用法

①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，主语＋have/has been done... 主语＋have/has not been done... Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

by now，up till now，since ...，before ...等连用。

The doctor hasn’t been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生) ②表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long ...？句型中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3.使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题

(1)与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public. 这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了) (2)非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作在两周前已经完成。

The work has been finished. 这项工作已经完成。

注意：这类动词的否定形式表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因此可以与for构成的短语，since构成的短语或引导的句子连用。

(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。

(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years. →Many houses have been built in the past ten years. (5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book. →He has been given the book. →The book has been given to him. (6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you. →They have been told to help you. I have made her work hard. →She has been made to work hard. Step IV

Homework 1.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made (make).

(2014·天津，11) 2.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.

(2013·北京，23) 3.The school board is made up of parents who have been elected (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.

(2013·上海，29) 4.In the last few years thousands of films have been produced (produce) all over the world.

(2011·天津，3) 5.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money－making jobs they have been promised (promise) before leaving their hometowns.

(2010·福建，28)

6.—Why does the Lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute). (2009·福建，22) 2.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.—Can we sit at the table near the window? —I’m sorry，but it has been taken (take) already. 2.The reason for all the changes being made has not been explained (not explain) to us yet. 3.Though we don’t know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed (change). 4.—The window is dirty. —I know.It hasn’t been cleaned(not clean) for weeks. 5.His sister left home in 1998，and has not been heard (not hear) ever since. 3.单句改错(每句仅1处错误) 1.The book has not been borrowed last month.

last前加since 2.The new dictionaries are very useful，so they sell well and have sold out already.

sold前加been 3.The problem has been paid enough attention since it came up at the meeting.

attention后加to

in→for 4.Paper money has been used in over a thousand years.

5.I’m sorry，but the letters haven’t been typed already.

already→yet