Learning about Language优质课一等奖

(Book2unit3) 教学设计

Grammar:The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态

教学目的：一.理解什么是现在完成时的被动语态以及它的用法.

二.如何把主动变被动及一些特殊用法.

三.巩固练习

教学过程：

一. 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + one。例如：The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.

张飞庙已经过重建。

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

如: The door has been locked.

门已经被锁上了。

3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如：

He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。

（可能还会有人告诉他）

4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：

We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

Pay attention to: 1. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词

或副词。

4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与

表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思，

则需改换动词或时态。

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

How long has this book been bought?

How long ago was this book bought? 二.主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作

宾语, 将主格改为宾格。

歌

诀：

宾变主, 主变宾, by 短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动, be 后“过分”来使

4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一

个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him. 5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能

将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不

动, 改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you. 高考连接：

1. In the last few years thousands of films

_____ all over the world.

(天津2011) A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

2. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

(北京2011) A.

have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted 3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving their hometowns.

(福建2010) A.

promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised 4. His sister left home in 1998, and _____ since. (2009全国卷I) A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of 5. I like these English songs and they

_____ many times on the radio.

(安徽2008)

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught 用被动语态改写下列句子。

1. They have finished the construction of

the new railway lines by now. 2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year. 3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the

technological revolution. 4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area. 5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.

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