Learning about Language教案1

The Attributive Clause 定语从句

教学题目：The Attributive Clause 定语从句

●从容说课

This is the third period of this unit.In this period，students are planned to go over the attributive clause，including the differences between the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause，the use of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs and the differences between “that”

and “which”.In the period of high school，the attributive clause is not only difficult but also important，so it is necessary to grasp the usage of the attributive clause. In order to make sense of the usage of the attributive clause，it is important for the students to make a summary of them by themselves.In this period，there should be some exercises designed for students to consolidate the usage of the attributive clause. ●三维目标

1.Knowledge：

（1）Revise the Attributive Clause，including the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. （2）Revise the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs. 2.Ability：

Expand the knowledge of the Attributive Clause. 3.Emotion：

Develop the students’ quality of overcoming difficulties in study.

●教学重点

The usage of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. ●教学难点

Help the students to master the way of choosing a relative pronoun or a relative adverb correctly. ●教具准备

The multimedia and the blackboard. ●教学过程

Step 1 Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step 2 Revision and Lead-in （Teacher checks the homework exercises first and then shows the following on the screen.）

1.He is a famous scientist. 2.Who’s that girl in red？

3.I’ve read all the books that you lent me. 4.I have lost my pen，which I like very much. T：Now pay special attention to the underlined parts.Is there anything in common between them？

Ss：Yes.They all identify the nouns，which are used with them.Each part tells us which thing or person the speaker is talking about.

T：That is to say，the function of each underlined part is the same.Each of them is used as an attribute to describe each noun.Well，are there any differences between them？

S1：Yes.In the first sentence，the attribute is an adjective and put before the noun；the second is a prepositional phrase put after the noun；the third and fourth sentences are full sentences put after the nouns. T：You are right，what do we call the sentences put after the noun？

Ss：The Attributive Clause. T：Quite right.In a complex sentence，the clause modifying a noun or a pronoun in the main clause is called an Attributive Clause.The noun or pronoun is called Antecedent.The word that/which introduces the clause （between the noun/pronoun and the clause）

is called Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb.The relative pronouns or adverbs do two jobs at once.They can be used as subjects，objects，attributes or adverbials；in the clause，at the same time，they join clauses together.About the use of them，we’ll have particular revision after a while.Now look at the sentences on the screen. （Teacher shows the following on the screen.）

Complete the sentences with suitable relatives. 1.I know the reason _______________he came late. 2.Do you know the woman，____________ son went to college last year？

3.The house _______________colour is red is John’s. 4.This is the best film _______________I’ve ever seen. 5.That is the town _______________he worked in 1987. T：Who’d like to tell me what should be filled in the first sentence？

S2：I think “why”

should be filled.Because the antecedent is “the reason”

and the relative is used as the adverbial of reason in the Attributive Clause. T：Yes.How about the second sentence？

（Teacher goes to another student and asks her/him to answer.）

S3：I fill “whose”

here.Because the antecedent is “the woman”

and the relative is used as the attribute in the Attributive Clause. T：Right.Sit down，please.Now let’s look at the third sentence. Suggested answers：

1.why

2.whose

3.whose

4.that

5.where Step 3 Summarize the use of the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause T：The Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is a clause，which gives extra information to the antecedent.So we use a comma to interrupt the sentence.When the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is cut off，the sentence still has a full meaning.Now look at the sentences on the screen. （Show the following on the screen.）

1.I have two brothers，who are both soldiers. 2.Next week，which you’ll spend in your hometown，is coming. 3.I’ve tried two pairs of shoes，neither of which fits me well. T：Pay attention to the underlined parts.There are commas to interrupt the sentences and “that”

cannot be used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.You should pay more attention to the structure “Indefinite Pronoun/Numbers/Noun/Superlative + of which/whom”

is often used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.

Step 4 The usage of the Relative Pronouns and the Relative Adverbs T：As we know，relative pronouns or adverbs play important parts in the Attributive Clause.Now let’s make a list of them on the blackboard first and then revise their usage with the help of the forms on the screen. （Bb：the relative pronouns：who，whom，that，whose，which；the relative adverbs：when，where，why）

（Teacher collects them first and then shows the following.）

Form 1：

The relative pronouns who whom that which whose Referring to people people people/thing thing people/thing （of whom/which）

Referring to time place reason Function in the clause subject/object object subject/object subject/object attribute Function in the clause adverbial of time adverbial of place adverbial of reason Form 2：

The relative adverb when （=at/in/on which）

where （= in/at which）

why （= for which）

（Teacher explains the two forms separately and adds the following with examples on the screen.）

T：1.When a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause，the verb must agree with the antecedent in person and number. 1.Those who want to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3：30 p.m. 2.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2.When the antecedent is the structure of “one of + n.（pl.）”，the verb in the clause must be plural to agree with the plural form.However，if there is “the”

or “only”

before “one”，the verb in the clause must be singular，agrees with the word “one”. 1.She is the only one of the girls who has been to Beijing. 2.He is one of the boys who have seen the film. 3.When the antecedent is a noun for time or place “when”

or “where”

is not always used to introduce the clause.It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause. 1.The time when/that I went to Tokyo is in 1982. 2.I’ll never forget the time which/that I spend at college. 3.The shop that I bought is big. 4.The shop where/in which I bought the book is big. Step 5 The difference between “that”

and “which”

T：As we know，both “that”

and “which”

can be used for things，but the use of them is not always the same.Let’s look at the sentences on the screen. （Show the following on the screen.）

1.This is the second article that I have written in English. 2.It is the best film that he has ever seen. 3.This is the very book that I want to read.

4.All that they told me surprised me. 5.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 6.Who is the comrade that was there？

7.There is a bed in the room that is still vacant. 8.Our village is no longer the place that it used to be. T：From the sentences on the screen，we can make a summary of the use of “that”

and “which”.Look at the screen again. （Show the following on the screen.）

1.In following cases，“that”

is often used. （1）After ordinal number and superlatives. （2）After the following words：all，only，little，few，much，very，none，last，just，any（thing），every（thing），some（thing），no（thing）. （3）After two or more antecedents，referring to both people and things. （4）After interrogative pronouns “which”

or “who”. （5）When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause. （6）When the main clause begins with “There be”. 2.In following cases，“which”

is always used. （1）After prepositions. （2）To introduce a Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. （3）The whole main sentence is the “antecedent”

of the relative clause，and there is always a comma. Step 6 Practice T：Now let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen.Fill in the blanks，choosing proper relative pronouns or relative adverbs. （Show the following on the screen.）

1.____________ have plenty of money will help their friends. A.Those who

B.He who

C.That who

D.You who

2.This is the longest train ____________ I have ever seen.

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.whom

3.____________ we all know，swimming is a very good sport. A.Which

B.That

C.As

D.Who 4.I shall never forget those years ____________ I lived in the farm____________ you visited last week. A.when；where

B.which；which

C.when；which

D.which；where 5.The radio set ____________ last week has gone wrong. A.I bought it

B.which I bought it C.I bought

D.what I bought

6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A.these

B.them

C.that

D.which

7.The day will come ____________ the people all over the world will win liberation. A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

8.Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China. A.works

B.is working C.are working

D.has been working

9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____________ they remembered in the school. A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom 10.My glasses，____________ I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke. A.which

B.with which

C.without which

D.that Suggested answers：

1~5 ABCCC

6~10 DACBC Step 7 Test T：Now let’s have a test.Look at the screen.Do this exercise by yourself.A few minutes later I’ll give you the answers. （Show the following on the screen.）

1.Please put the letter ____________ he can easily find it. A.in which

B.where C.the

place where

D.in the place

2.The house ____________ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago. A.which

B.that C.in the front of which

D.in front of which

3.Antarctic，____________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A.which

B.where C.that

D.about which

4.The reason ____________ I was away from school is ____________ I was ill yesterday. A.that；that

B.why；why

C.why；that

D.that；why

5.It was a meeting ____________ importance I didn’t realize at that time. A.which

B.of which C.that

D.whose Suggested answers：

1~5 BDDCD Step 8 Homework 1.Review the Attributive Clause. 2.Do WB P71.Ex 1.2. ●板书设计

Unit 5

Nelson Mandela—a modern hero The Third Period The Attributive Clause 1.The differences between the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. 2.The use of the relative words：

（1）Relative pronouns：who，whom，whose，that，which （2）Relative adverbs：where，when，why 3.The differences between “that”

and “which”. ●活动与探究

This activity is designed to make a deep research into the attributive clause.The students are asked to design some exercises about the attributive clause.And then they can exchange exercises

each other and check themselves.The purpose of this activity is to help the students make sense of the usage of the attributive clause. ●备课资料

Ⅰ.Some exercises about the Attributive Clause 1.A football fan（球迷）

is ____________ has a strong interest in football. A.a thing that

B.something that C.a person who

D.what

2.The house，____________ was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired. A.the roof of which

B.which roof C.its roof

D.the roof

3.Can you lend me the novel ____________ the other day？

A.that you talked

B.you talked about it C.which you talked with

D.you talked about

4.The matter ____________ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A.that

B.what

C.why

D.for which

5.Who ____________ has common sense（常识）

will do such a thing？

A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.that

6.All the apples ____________ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A.that

B.those

C.which

D.what

7.They asked him to tell them everything ____________ he saw at the front. A.what

B.that

C.which

D.where

8.I’ll tell you ____________ he told me last night. A.all which

B.all what

C.that all

D.all

9.A child ____________ parents are dead is called an orphan. A.who

B.who’s

C.whose

D.which

10.Is this the museum ____________ you visited the other day？

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one

11.Is this museum ____________ some German friends visited last Wednesday？

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one

12.—How do you like the book？

—It’s quite different from ____________ I read last month.

A.that

B.which C.the one

D.the one what

13.The train ____________ she was traveling was late. A.which

B.where

C.on which

D.in that

14.He has lost the key to the drawer ____________ the papers are kept. A.where

B.on which C.under which

D.which

15.It’s the third time ____________ late this month. A.that you arrived

B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived

16.He often helps the students ____________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.

A.whom

B.who C.when

D.because

17.The Second World War ____________ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A.when

B.during that C.in which

D.which

18.Mr Crossett will never

forget the day ____________ he spent with his various students. A.when

B.which C.during which

D.on which

19.This is just the place ____________ I am longing to visit these years. A.that

B.where C.in which

D.to where

20.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou，____________ live my grandparents and some relatives. A.which

B.that

C.who

D.where

Suggested answers：

1~5 CADAD

6~10 ABDCA

11~15 DCCAC

16~20 BCBAD Ⅱ.The attributive clause 定语从句

1.“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是

in，on，about，from，for，with，to，at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或

which，不可用

that。

（2）from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。

We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town. （3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句

（1）关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。

（2）that可引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，that有时可以代替关系副词

when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在

that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。

3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

（1）二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

（2）关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

（3）先行词与定语从句隔离。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。

He was the only person in this country who was invited. 4.as在定语从句中的用法

（1）引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。

The elephant’s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see. （3）the same... that与

the same...as在意思上是不同的。

2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

As is expected，the England team won the football match. The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone. 【课后反思】

定语从句教学反思

基础教育阶段英语的任务是：

激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立信心，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神。定语从句的复习本来是比较枯燥的，所以我通过简单的小测试让学生快速进入到学习语法的状态里来，各个环节都在围绕培养学生自主学习和合作精神，而不是老师讲，学生听的“填鸭式教学”的单一模式。最后的评价和激励性口号“Just do it”让学生对语法学习建立信心。教学设计比较符合学生的现有的经验和知识水平；在步骤安排上，环节之间跨度小，注意环节之间的相互铺垫、搭配，在知识和能力要求上，逐层提高，因而学生基本能够通过自己的体验、观察句子结构，简单归纳定语从句的基本形式，基本达成了预定的教学目标。课堂教学中，力求通过让学生复现句子，分析结构，互相讨论，自主把握定语从句规则，学生较好的完成了任务，对难点克服很有帮助。

组内教师评课优点及建议：

课前三分钟与课堂内容（定语从句）结合得好；教态自然；整节课知识点讲解全面；启发式思维，与学生互动多，不断鼓励学生回答；句子成分和结构分析详细；课件完整，与板书结合恰当；课堂内容偏多；学生上课不积极，热情没有调动好。

不足之处:

举例不太合适（应把我会唱歌和唱的很好两个简单句，改为我会唱歌和我会唱的很好）；时间分配不合理（没有把定语从句的练习讲完）；教学设计中谓语选择部分过于复杂，应该简化一些，练习部分中题目的选择应该典型一些；操作步骤应进一步细化，反馈应该及时。对后进生的关注不够，练习题的设计要有梯度，多给后进生一些机会。教学目标的设计，必须要考虑学生的实际水平，同时要尽可能明确，一般来说，一个足矣，避免多项目标，造成精力分散，最后影响教学目标的达成；让学生多输出，在讲完定语从句的规则后，多让学生练习，可以讲得少一些。

感悟：作为一名新入职的教师，我非常感谢学校和同事们给我这次锻炼的机会，以及在评课时给出的鼓励及宝贵建议；在以后的教学工作中我会虚心向前辈和同事们学习，更加努力提高自己的专业水平。