Learning about Languageppt课件课堂实录

教学设计：V-ing作主语和宾语

V-ing基本形式：由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。

一、句法功能

1、

作主语

1）

直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

2）用

it 作形式主语，把V-ing(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：

It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing

注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面用不定式。

3）

用于“There be”结构中。

There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。

常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …

注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用V-ing，而不能用不定式作主语。

4）

用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。

5）V-ing的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。

Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

2、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用V-ing作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。如：

Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？

She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

*在下面这种结构中用V-ing做宾语：find/think/consider…

+ it（形式宾语）

+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？

*形容词worth后接V-ing，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

（2）作介词的宾语

*能接V-ing的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。

*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：

（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing （2）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing （3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing （4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即…

…）

We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？

二、V-ing的复合结构

带有逻辑主语的V-ing称为V-ing的复合结构。

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓励了我们大家。

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。

在口语中，如果V-ing复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：

Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon. A．you to call

B．you call

C．you calling

D．you’re calling

（Key：C；换成your calling也对）

在下列情况下V-ing的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

a.无生命名词

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？

三、V-ing的时态和语态

主动语态、

被动语态、

一般式

doing

being done 完成式

having done

having been done （一）时态

1、一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

He denied having taken any money from the cash register. 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。

（二）语态

V-ing的逻辑主语同时也是动作的承受者，用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：

I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。

（2）它的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

（3）在多数情况下都避免使用完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：

I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。

四、V-ing的否定式：not + V-ing I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。

I apologize for not having waited for you. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。

五、V-ing与动词不定式的区别：

1. 作主语或表语时：

动词不定式和V-ing都可以用作主语，在意义上相近，但V-ing多用来表示泛指的抽象的动作或经常性的动作；不定式多用来表示特指或具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。比较：

Smoking is not good for health.

It is not good for you to smoke so much.

My job is teaching English.

Our task now is to increase food production. 我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

2. 在like, hate, prefer等动词后：

如果表示一般倾向，多用V-ing做宾语；如指特定的或具体的某次行为，用不定式更多一些。

I like reading books in my spare time. I like to read that book. They prefer walking to cycling. He prefers to stay at home today. 3. 有些动词后既可用V-ing也可用不定式做宾语（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。

有时区别不大，如：

Let’s continue working/to work.

When did you begin learning/to learn English? 但有时两种结构之间含义不同，如remember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on等。

He tried speaking English to us. 他试着用英语和我们讲话。

Please try to do it better next time. 下次请设法做得更好些。

This means setting out at once. 这意味着立即出发。

He really meant to come. 他确实打算来的。

4. 在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve等动词后：当主语表事物时，其后既可用V-ing的主动式也可用不定式的被动式表被动含义。

My watch needs repairing/to be repaired. The house wants cleaning/to be cleaned. The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned. These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully. 5. 在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等词后，用V-ing做宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语。

We don’t allow smoking here. Her mother doesn’t allow her to stay up late.

检测练习

1）

Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A）having been fined

B）

to have been fined

C）

to be fined

D）

being fined 2）I really appreciate ____ to help me，

but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A）

you to offer

B）

that you offer

C）

your offering

D）

that you are offering 3）

The thief took away the woman’s wallet without____。

A）

being seen

B）

seeing

C）

him seeing

D）

seeing him 4）

No one can avoid ____ by advertisements。

A）

to be influenced

B）

being influenced

C）

influencing

D）having influenced 5）

They are considering ____ before the prices go up。

A）

of buying the house

B）

with buying the house

C）

buying the house

D）

to buy the house 6）

If I had remembered ____ the door, the things would not have been stolen。

A）

to lock

B）

locking

C）

to have locked

D）having locked 7）

My transistor radio isn‘t working。

It ____。

A）

need repairing

B）

needs to repair

C）

needs repairing

D）

need to be repaired 8）

It is no use ____ me not to worry。

A）

you tell

B）

your telling

C）

for you to have told

D）having told 9）

He is very busy ____ his papers。

He is far too busy ____ callers。

A）

to write ；to receive

B）

writing ；to receive C）

writing ；receiving

D）

to write ；for receiving 10）The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them。

A）

receiving。。。selling

B）

to receive。。。to sell C）

to receiving。。。to selling

D）

to have received。。。to have sold 11）

She apologized for ____ to come。

A）

her not being able

B）

her being not able

C）

not being able

D）

that she’s not able to

12）

Please stop ____，

boys，

I have something important to ____ you。

A）

saying 。。。talk B）

telling 。。。

sayC）

talking 。。。speak D）

talking 。。。

tell 13）

Tony，

would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ____ his tape recorder？

A）

to fix B）

fixing C）

for fixing D）

fix 14）I remember ____ to help us if we ever got in trouble。

A）

once offering

B）

him once offering

C）

him to offer

D）

to offer him 15）John regretted ____ to the meeting last week。

A）

not going

B）

not to go

C）

not having been going

D）

not to be going 16）

Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home？

A）

going。。。to have

B）

to go。。。to have

C）

to go。。。having

D）

going。。。have 17）

We had some trouble ____ the house and nobody seemed ____where it was。

A）

in finding。。。knowing

B）

finding。。。to know C）

to find。。。knowing

D）

to find。。。to know 19）It is no good ____ remember grammatical rules。

You need to practise what you have learned。

A）

trying to

B）

to try to

C）

try to

D）

tried to 20）I don’t like ____ at me。

A）

them laughing

B）

their laugh

C）

them laugh

D）

them to have laughed

答案：1-5 DCABC

6-10 ACBBA

11-15 ADBBA

16-20 DBAAA