Learning about Language名师教学视频（文字实录）

阅读理解之推理判断题

一、

教学目标

推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题，是学生易错区域。因此，让学生了解推理判断题的分类和出题角度，训练学生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，做出符合逻辑的推理判断，进一步掌握阅读推理判断的解题技巧，帮助学生在这类题上取得较好成绩。

二、教学方式

本节课采用演绎法教学。

三．教学流程

（一）概况

1.阅读主要题型

1）细节理解题(questions of details)；

2）词义猜测题(words in context) 3）推理判断题(questions of inference)；

4）主旨归纳题(main idea) 2.什么是推理判断题？分类？

1）隐含意思/细节推断题；

2）作者观点、态度倾向推断题

3）写作目的/意图推断题；

4）文章出处/来源推断题

（二）推断题分类

1. 隐含意思/细节推断题

例1 Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World……

The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the carparks shown on the map: nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes’ Walk)

……

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Q: How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children? A. ￡9.80 B. ￡12.00 C. ￡14.20 D. ￡16.40 例2

Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper. classified ads FOR DIRECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-0557 10A.M.-4P.M. MONDAY-FRIDAY FOR SALE COME to our moving sale---Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc,

Sat, Dec. 14th---9 a.m.-5 p.m.1612 Ferndale, Apt. 1,800-4696. USED FUR COATS and JACKETS. GOOD condition. $30-$50.

Call 800-0436 after 12 noon. MOVING: Must sell. TV21”, $50; AM/FM radio A/C or battery,

$15; cassette tape recorder, $10. Call Jon or Pat, 800-0793

after 5 p.m. or weekends. SHEEPSKIN COAT: man’s, size 42, 1 year old. $85. After 6

p.m., 800-5224. ……

Q: A second-hand jacket will probably cost you ______. A. $60

例3 Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it

may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle."

The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people.

B. surprised people.

C. frightened people.

D. excited people. 例4

It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away.

2 B. $40

C. $20

D. $10

You can tell that busy people______ A. act like clocks.

B. sleep the time away.

C. don't do what clocks do.

D. don't have hands. 例5 It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分钟）

You can tell that rocks ________. A. hurt sea animals

B. protect sea animals C. won’t be found on beaches

D. can’t be found on beaches

2. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题

例6 （周考）People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are ‘Joneses’ in

every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. Accroding to the writer, it is

to keep up with the Joneses. A. correct

B. interesting

C. impossible

D. good 例7 Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.

……

On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We talked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?

……

Q: What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson? A. More critical

B. More talkative

C. Gentle and friendly 例8

D. Strict and hard-working. 3

As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. …

……

It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.

Q: How does the author feel about his childhood? A. Happy but short.

B. Lonely but memorable. D. Long and unforgettable. C. Boring and meaningless.

例9Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any

good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，

I’m sick of all this bad news.

This author’s attitude towards the newspaper

reporting is to _____.

A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 3. 写作目的/意图推断题

例10（期中考）England’s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: “Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know-that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise.”

Q：The passage is intended to

. A.

inform the readers of a research on watching TV B.

warn the readers of the harm of

watching TV and hope they do sports C.

tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax D.

tell the readers large amounts of

people often watch TV 例11People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re

wrong. ……

How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. ……

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Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.

Q: Why does the author write this passage? A. To tell people where to find gyms.

B. To prove the basic need for climbing. C. To encourage people to climb mountains. D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing. 例12

14 days from just ￡2,090 pp Fully inclusive from the UK Price covers: International airfares, departure taxes, fuel charges, local transportation, accommodation, all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens.

◆ Days 1-3: UK-Shanghai……

◆ Day14: Beijing-UK Ks5u

Fly back to the UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories.

Q: The ad is mainly intended to ______. A. encourage the British to travel in China B. attract the British to traditional Chinese food C. offer service of booking air tickets to tourists D. provide the British with a better understanding of China 例13

“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot

of energy in waves,” he said.

Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.

Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves ……

Q: The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.

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A. test the readers' knowledge about waves B. draw the readers' attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylor's importance D. invite the readers to answer them 例14

Head of Research Salary: ￡55. 271

We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU research Depart and information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.

……

To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@cwu.org or by telephoning HR (Hwian Resources ) on 020 8970 7482. When applying please state your source. Closing Date for Applications: 4th August 2010 Anticipated interview date: 17th August 2010 No agencies please Q: In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement? A. Arts B. Sales C. Jobs D. News. 例15

Don’t wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals, start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what you’ve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while you’re there in the article section, which isupdated daily. Q：This text must be taken from ___________ A a radio program

B. a website C. a newspaper

D. a TV program 例16 Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them.

“To reduce pain, take two tablets (药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.

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For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask for your doctor's advice.

Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”.

Q: This text is most probably taken from a ______. A. textbook

medicine 练习

Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. ①Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard.

B. To make it soft.

C. To make it cool.

D. To make it brittle. ②In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A.

the quantity of water used

B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal

D. the timing of the operation ③As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A.

It can be heated and then cooled quickly.

B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.

D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly

B. newsreel（新闻影片）

C. doctor's notebook

D. bottle of

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