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Book 2 unit 3 Grammar 语法

The Present Perfect Passive Voice

一．Listen and complete the passage. （VOA special English）

The Passive Voice (被动语态) This Everyday Grammar is all about the _________ voice. The passive is a verb form in which the subject _________ the action of the verb. For example, "I was born on a Saturday." Most sentences in English follow the subject-verb-object pattern known as the________ voice. For example, "I love you." In this example the subject is "_____," the verb is "________" and the object is "_______." The subject performs the action of the verb. But sometimes the subject is acted upon, or receives the ________of the verb. This is called the passive voice. Imagine that someone stole your wallet, but you do not know who did it. You could say, "My wallet was stolen." In this passive sentence, "my wallet" is the_______ "was stolen" is the ________. There is no direct _______ -- the wallet did not steal itself. The speaker does not know who stole the wallet.

二．Summary

1.被动语态（the passive voice）的使用一般有下列情况：

(1) 强调动作的___________（发出者？承受者？），主语为______语的对象；

如：

I was born in a Saturday. (2) 不知道动作的发出者或者没有必要强调动作的发出者时；

如：My wallet was stolen. (3) 基本构成：be+done（过去分词）

2. 现在完成时（the present perfect tense）

(1) 常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且将会继续进行下去的动作，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for , since, recently, so far, up to now, until now等；

(2) 基本构成：have/ has + done（过去分词）

3. 现在完成时被动语态（the present perfect passive voice）

(1) 表示一个________ 动作从过去开始并持续到_________，或者该动作对现在仍有________。

(2) 本单元Reading 里面有很多现在完成时被动语态的句子：

①Over time I have been changed quiet a lot. ②First as a PC and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. ③I never forget anything I have been told. ④Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. (3)

因此，现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：

三．Exercise 1.

I want to buy this kind of

cloth because I _______ the cloth ________ well. A.

have told; washed

B. have been told ; washes C. have been told ; washed

D. was told ; washed 2.

Once a programme _______ put into a computer, it _________ accordingly. A. is; acts

B. is being ; is acting C. has been

; will act

D. will be; acts 3.

Great changes _________ in our province. Many tall buildings __________. A. had been taken place ; have been set up

B. have taken place ; have been set up C. have been taken place ; have been set up

D. were taken place ; were set up 4.

--The window is dirty.

--I know. It ________ for weeks. A.

hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned 5 电脑已经被广泛应用于学校。

_______________________________________________________ 6.

这对老夫妇已经结婚30多年了。

________________________________________________________ 7.

数据已经下载并储存在我的电脑中了。

_____________________________________________________