Learning about Language教学实录与评析

Learning about language & using language

[原文呈现]

A FACT OR AN OPINION?

①What is a fact? Is it something that people believe？

No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works.He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.This kind of information is called evidence.

[读文清障]

①that引导定语从句，修饰something。

②any other 任何其他一个

more ... than any other ... 为比较级形式，却表达了最高级的含义，此处相当于has the most people of all the countries in the world。

在It can be proved that ... 句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。

③what引导表语从句，其中someone believes为插入语。

④evidence/'evIdəns/n.根据；证据

good evidence充分的证据

⑤trial/'traIəl/n.审判；审讯；试验

in a trial 在审判中

⑥agree with 赞成；同意(后接sb.或what sb. says) agree with 还表示“与……一致；(食物、气候等)适合某人”。

⑦eyewitness/ˌaI'wItnIs/n.目击者；证人

句中两个“which＋不定式”结构都作decide的宾语。

⑧or 连接了由what和where引导的两个从句，作动词consider的并列宾语，其语序均为陈述语序。

⑨care about 在乎；在意；关心

rather than 而不是

whether引导的从句作cares about的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句。

⑨⑧⑦⑥③④⑤②

小题精做，把课文读通

Step 1

Read the text and answer the following question.

What's the main idea of the passage？(no more than 10 words) The passage is mainly about the_differences_between_a_fact_and_an_opinion. Step 2

Choose the best answers according to the text.

1．What really is a fact according to the passage? A．It is something that more than one person believes. B．It is something that more than one person has seen or done. C．It is anything that can be proved. D．It is anything that is believed or accepted by most people. 2．China has the largest number of people in the world.________. A．It is a fact

C．It is an evidence

B．It is an opinion

D．All the three 3．A judge must consider the eyewitness'________in a trial.

A．appearance C．opinion

B．job

D．facts 4．How does the writer explain the two terms of “fact” and“opinion”？

A．By giving examples. C．By giving evidence.

记得准·写得对

Ⅰ.基础词汇

1.local adj.

本地的；当地的

2.trial n.

审判；审讯；试验

3.sailor n.

水手；海员；船员

4.debate n．&vi.

争论；辩论

5.eyewitness n.

目击者；证人

6.sink vi.

下沉；沉下

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1.painting n．绘画；画→paint v．油漆；绘画

2.evidence n．根据；证据→evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的

3.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸

4.entrance n．入口；进入→enter vt.进入

B．By giving definitions (定义)．

D．Both A and B.

5.informal adj.非正式的→formal(反义词)正式的

记得快·记得多

1．painting n．绘画；画

[同义]

drawing, oil, picture, portrait [联想]

各种“中国画”的英语名称

①Chinese Painting

中国画

②Chinese Figure Painting

中国人物画

③Chinese Bird-and-flower Painting

中国花鸟画

④Chinese Landscape Painting

中国山水画

2.i→a→u型动词荟萃

①begin→began→begun

②drink→drank→drunk ③ring→rang→rung

④sing→sang→sung ⑤swim→swam→swum

⑥sink→sank→sunk 3.巧记“t→ce”构成的名词

①different→difference

②evident→evidence ③confident→confidence

④important→importance 记牢固定短语

1．take_apart

拆开

2．care_about

关心；介意；在乎

3．rather_than

而不是

4．think_highly_of

看重；器重

5．agree_with

同意

6．look_after

照顾；照看

多积常用词块

1．at midnight

在午夜

2．the entrance to the mine

煤矿的入口处

3．by the light of the moon

借着月光

4．give one's opinion about

关于……发表某人的观点

5．second-hand furniture shop

二手家具店

6．for oneself

亲自

这样记句式

先背熟

再悟通

后仿用

1.One day he was looking

in a be doing sth. ... second-hand furniture shop

when he ... 一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然……

2.For example, it can be proved that

China has more people than any other country in the world. 举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。

3.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。

4.Nor do I

think they should give it to any government. 我认为他们不应该将它给任何一个政府。

it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。

when ... “正在做某事，这时He was_watching_TV_when there was a power failure. 他正在看电视，这时停电了。

(突然)……”。

It_can_be_proved_that he is fit for the job. 他适合这项工作，这是可以被证实的。

两个“疑问词＋不定式”结构作decide的宾语。

Never_has_he_been_to the United States and Canada. 他从未去过美国和加拿大。

We haven't decided which_topic_to _talk_about. 我们还未决定谈论哪个话题。

否定词置于句首构成的倒装结构。

重点解析

1．(教材P4)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. 老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。

take apart 拆开

①He took

a radio apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again. 昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再装起来。

②The twins look so much alike that I can't tell_them_apart.

这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法区分他们。

③Apart_from being too large, the trousers don't suit me. 这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。

2．(教材P5)So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. 因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。

evidence n．[U，C]证据；根据；证明

(1)There is some/no evidence that ...

in evidence

(2)evident adj.

It's evident that ...

evidently adv.

有/没有证据证明……

显眼；显而易见

明显的；明白的

很明显……

显然；明显地；清楚地

①There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. 有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。

②At present we have no evidence (evident) of life on other planets.

目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。

③It_is_evident_that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake. 很明显，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。

3．(教材P5)He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts

rather than opinions. 他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。

rather than是……而不是；与其……倒不如

(1)rather than 连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”

(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致

①We will have the meeting in the classroom

rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

②The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

③You rather than I are (be) going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。

[名师点津]

would do ... rather than do ...宁愿做……would rather do ... than do ...

也不愿做……prefer to do ... rather than do ...4．(教材P5)In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight. 在1945年4月，半夜里我听到有东西爆炸。

explode vi.爆炸

(1)explode with

explode with laughter/anger

(2)explosion n.

爆炸

①The bomb exploded, causing a lot of damage. 炸弹爆炸了，造成巨大损失。

②On seeing his funny expression, we all exploded_with_laughter. 一看到他滑稽的表情，我们都一下子大笑起来。

③If the gas pipe explodes,_the explosion may do great damage to the buildings around.(explode) 如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。

5．(教材P5)To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed. 令我惊讶的是，通往矿井的入口被关闭了。

entrance n．入口

(1)the entrance to

the college entrance examinations

(2)enter vi.

exit n.

the exit of＋地点

＋地点

……的入口

大学入学考试

进入

出口

……的出口

突然……

哄堂大笑/勃然大怒

①In return, the local people gave the foreign guests a warm reception at the main entrance. 作为报答，当地人在正门给外宾热情的接待。

②I'll wait for you at the entrance to the zoo tomorrow. 明天我会在动物园的入口处等你。

③He passed the_college_entrance_examinations,_which made his parents very proud. 他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。

6．(教材P6)On the voyage, the ship was attacked and sank. 在航海中，船遭到袭击，沉没了。

sink vi.下沉；沉下；坐下(sank; sunk) sink into

sink back

sink to

渗入；陷入；沉入；进入

重重地往后坐下

沉到

①It will take a little time for the rain to sink into the dry earth. 要使雨水渗入干土需要一些时间。

②With his problem settled, he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief. 他的问题解决之后，他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。

③On its first voyage, the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank_to the bottom of the sea. 在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。

7．(教材P7)I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很看重那些寻找琥珀屋的人们。

think highly of 看重；器重；对……评价高

think much/well of ...(＝think highly of ...)

think ill/poorly/badly of

think nothing of ...

看重；器重；对……评价高

认为……不好

不重视；认为……不足为奇

①Judging from his expression, he doesn't think highly of your plan. 从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。

②He often tells lies, which makes others think_ill/poorly/badly_of_him. 他经常撒谎，这使得别人看不起他。

③As far as I know, the young man is_highly_thought_of in his company. 据我所知，这个年轻人在公司里很受器重。

[名师点津]

当think highly/well/much of ... 用于被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即be highly/well/much thought of。

8．(教材P7)Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate. 阅读下面关于组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的建议。

debate vt.&vi.讨论；辩论

n．讨论；辩论

(1)have a debate on/about/over sth. under debate

a heated/lively debate

beyond/without debate

(2)debate with sb.about/on ...

进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论

在辩论/讨论中

一场激烈的/热烈的争论

无可争论

就……与某人辩论

①After a heated debate, we all agreed on the plan.

经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。

②Even though the law is under_debate now, it will be passed soon. 尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。

③We must debate the question with the rest of the members. 我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。

重点句式解析

1．For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. 举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。

“it can be proved that ...”结构中的it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，叫作主语从句，其中that没有实际意义，只起引导作用。

①It can be proved that what he has said is not true. 他所说的并不是真的，这可以得到证实。

②It_is_widely_believed_that China will certainly play a more and more important part in the world. 人们普遍认为中国将肯定会在世界上发挥越来越重要的作用。

③It_is_a_pity_that she has made such a mistake. 她犯下这样的错误，真是遗憾。

④It_is_said_that he has spent the whole day decorating his sitting room. 据说他一整天忙于装饰客厅。

2．In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。

which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe是两个带疑问代词which的动词不定式短语，作decide的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。该结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。

①The experts are debating how to solve

the mystery of the Amber Room's disappearance. 专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。

②When to_go (go) out for a picnic has not been decided. 什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。

③Have you decided where to_spend (spend) your holiday? 你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？