Using LanguageⅡ名师课堂实录

can/could may/might 可能/微弱的可能

也许/微弱的可能

不可能

可能不会

技巧：做到情态动词表示推测的题，一定要把题目读完，根据题目所提供的信息判断填空部分所需要的语气。

e.g. He must be the wanted man, for he’s exactly like this picture.

（因为他和照片很像，能够判断出语气是很肯定的）

(2011

北京，

24)—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He

come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not

二、表能力

can:表示现在的能力

could：表示过去的能力

be able to

will be able to: 将来的能力

was/were able to：过去有能力并且成功地做了某事

技巧：这三个词不易混淆，所以做此类题时，一般通过翻译就能选出答案。但是要注意题目的时态。

e.g. (2010全国II, 17) I’m afraid Mr. Harding

A

see you now. He is busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

不能

(2011 四川，20) The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they

A

. A. can B. may C. must D. should 三、表必要性

must: 一定，必须

mustn’t: 不准，强行禁止

have to: 不得不

don’t have to: 不必

need:

需要

needn’t: 不需要

e.g. (2011 上海，

28) I

D

worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t不需要

四、表请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止

1.表示请求、建议

shall：用于一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。

may/might：表示允许、请求。

will/would：用于第二人称，表示请求或建议。

e.g. Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗？

2.表示命令、允诺

must 必须

mustn’t 禁止；不准

should/ought to 应该

shouldn’t/oughtn’t to 不应该

(易错点)

shall:常与二、三人称连用，表命令、警告、威胁、允诺。

will:表示意愿、决心。

e.g.

（2011 陕西卷）——Will you read me a story, Mummy? ——OK. You _D_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall（允诺）

情态动词+ have done 一般考试时，常与虚拟语气连用来作为考点。翻译该句型时，加个“本”字即可。

情态动词+ have done

用法

must have done 一定/准是/想必做了

can/could have done cannot/couldn’t

have done may/might have done should/ought to

have done shouldn’t/oughtn’t to

have done needn’t have done

例句

It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy. 本来能够做

Can he have gone to his aunt’s home? 过去不可能做了

He cannot have forgotten the accident. 也许/或许已经做了

It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 本该做而实际上未做

You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. 本不该做而实际上做You shouldn’t have told her the 了

truth. 本不必做而做了

You needn’t have taken a taxi here, because it was very near to my

house. had better（not）

have 当时最好做了(没做) You had better have finished it on done time.

would rather（not）

宁愿当时做了（没做）

I raised objections at the meeting, have done

but now I would rather not have done that. would like/love to 过去愿意做但未做成

I would love to have gone to the have done

party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

e.g. (2008, 江苏，35)—I’m sorry. I

B

at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 易错点：

1. cannot but+ do sth :不得不/只好做某事

e.g. I cannot but choose to go. 另外，表达该意思的其他句型有：

can’t help but do

can’t choose but do

can do nothing but do

have no choice but do

2. may as well + do: 最好，倒不如

e.g. You may as well do it at once.

3. should

还可用在if 引导的条件状语从句中，表示“万一”

e.g. (09天津15) This printer is of good quality. If it _B_ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might

万一

“Why/How should” ,表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到惊讶，意为“竟会”

e.g. Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？

4. must 表示“非要，偏要，硬要”

e.g. （2011全国卷二）

If you __C___ smoke, please go outside. (如果你非要抽烟，请到外面抽) A. can

B. should

C. must

D. may

5. dare/need

做情态动词时，后加do，否定式为daren’t/ needn’t +do

做实义动词时，后加

to do，否定式为

don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + to do

自我演练

1．We

have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

A．may not B．needn’t

C．can’t

D．mustn’t

2.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? ----Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

A. Can

B. Should

C. Must

D. Would 3. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.

A. can

B. might

C. would

D. need 4. It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet. A.

couldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. wouldn’t

5. I

use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't

B. mustn't

C. shouldn't

D. needn't 6. —Will you read me a story, Mummy?

--OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A. might

B. must

C. could

D. shall 7. They _____ have arrived at lunch-time but their flight was delayed.

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. should 8. If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. will 9. It _______be the postman at the door. It is only six o’clock.

A. mustn’t

B

can’t

C won’t

D needn’t

10. Just be patient. You _____ expect the world to change so soon. A .can’t

B .needn’t

C .may not

D .will not 11. --- _____ I take the book out?

--- I’m afraid not.

A. Will

B. May

C. Must

D. Need

12. -I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don’t worry. You ____ have it by Friday.

A .could

B. shall

C .must

D. may

13. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ____ be regular exercise. A .can

B .will

C .must

D .may 14. I have told you the truth. _____ I keep repeating it?

A. Must

B. Can

C .May

D .Will

15. I’m afraid Mr. Harding _____ see you now. He’s busy.

A .can’t

B. mustn’t

C .shouldn’t

D .needn’t