Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending第二课时教学实录

课堂探究

一、英语说说看

观察下列图片上的人物，你知道他们的功绩吗？试着用英语说说看吧。

A

B

Vasco da Gama

Christopher Columbus

C

D Ferdinand Magellan

James Cook

1．the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe and cross the Pacific Ocean 2．finding a way to India by sea 3．mapping of Newfoundland and New Zealand 4．discovering the New World 答案：1.C

2.A

3.D

4.B 二、把A栏中的单词和B栏中的英文释义相互搭配起来

A

B 1．voyage

a．made or done without any plan b．exact；accurate c．act of mentioning；act of looking at for information d．way a person or thing tends to be or behave；trend e．long journey，esp by sea or in space f．least or smallest g．to make simple h．activity of exploring i．dependable j．kindness；forgiveness 2．mercy

3．exploration

4．minimum

5．random

6．reference

7．precise

8．simplify

9．tendency

10．reliable

答案：1.e

2.j

3.h

4.f

5.a

6.c

7.b

8.g

9.d

10．i

三、短语互译

A．温故：从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思。

1．work out____________ 2．plot a ship's position____________ 3．be close to____________ 4．identify the position of____________ 5．accelerate the speed____________ 6．tie...to...____________ 7．a fixed period of time____________ 8．be used to do ____________ 9．compare...with...____________ 10．in relation to____________ B．知新：从文中找出与下列词组对应的英文。

11．受……的支配____________ 12．最小量的____________ 13．在赤道____________ 14．在地平线上____________ 15．可靠的方法____________ 16．打结的绳子____________ 17．海里(计量单位)____________ 18．随意的路线____________ 19．更新版____________ 20．减少做……的可能性____________ 答案：1.算出

2.标出船只位置

3.靠近

4.确定……的位置

5.加快速度

6.把……系在……上

7.一段固定的时间

8.被用来做

9.把……与……相比较

10.与……相关

11.at the mercy of

12.the minimum amount of

13.at the equator

14.along the horizon

15.a secure method

16.a knotted rope

17.nautical mile

18.a random course

19.the updated version

20.reduce the tendency to do sth. 四、阅读课文SAILING THE OCEANS，回答下列问题

1．The passage doesn't tell us whether skilled seamen used to use the ______ to judge their position at sea. A．North Star

B．sun

C．moon

D．clouds 2．By studying the winds seamen could ______. A．judge the direction of the ship

B．know how far away they were from their home C．tell the distance they had discovered D．make their journey meaningful 3．From the passage we can learn that ______. A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B．there is useful information in an encyclopedia C．early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments D．why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship's position 4．The purpose of the passage is to tell us ______. A．keeping a longitude of the coastline is the first and most useful form of exploration B．about the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans C．the finding of latitude and longitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a map D．how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments 答案：1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

1．The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，旅行者们也不是任凭海洋摆布的。

剖析：even though引导一个让步状语从句，even though＝even if。

I'll come to see you this evening even though I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我要来看你，即使我只能待一会儿。

考点

mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯

They showed no mercy to the people there. 他们对那里的人民毫无仁慈之心。

They are praying God to have mercy on them. 他们正祈祷上帝宽恕他们。

He fell on his knees and begged for mercy. 他跪下来乞求怜悯。

归纳：show no mercy to sb.对某人毫无仁慈

have/take mercy on sb.宽恕某人

beg for mercy乞求怜悯

考点延伸

mercy n．恩惠；幸运

It's a mercy that we have met you here.

真幸运我们在这儿遇到您。

We were at the mercy of the weather. 我们拿天气毫无办法。

归纳：It's a mercy that...很幸运……

at the mercy of...任由……摆布

汉译英

1)这次地震中一家人都幸免于难，真是不幸中之大幸。

________________________________________________________________________ 2)一个真正的人会对病人和贫穷者给予怜悯的。

________________________________________________________________________ 单项填空

3)We should show ______ to the poor in this bad economic environment. A．money

B．mercy

C．courage

D．spirit 答案：1)It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake. 2)It is a true man who will show mercy to the sick and poor. 3)B 2．This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。

剖析：This seems to have been...表示“这似乎已经是……”。

如：

I'm tired out.I have been shopping all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. 我很疲劳。我整个下午一直在购物，好像还没有购完。

考点一

exploration n．探险；探测

The Arctic exploration appeals to me. 北极探险吸引着我。

This is an exploration of the unknown parts of the continent. 这是一次对大陆未知地域的探测。

考点延伸

explore v．探测；探究

We launched rockets to explore Mars. 我们发射火箭以探测火星。

Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life. 有一个探究最根本的生活问题的采访。

考点二

carry在本句的意思是“具备，含有，包含”。

This report carried a serious warning of future pollution in the sea. 这个报告含有对未来海洋污染的严重警告。

考点三

minimum adj.最小的；最低的

一般只能作定语用。如：

What's the minimum age for beginning to go to school in your country? 在你们国家上学的最小年龄是多少？

根据句意和所给汉语提示填空

1)We must __________(探索)all the possibilities for the solution of the problem. 2)Geophysical __________(探索) is relatively new. 3)The stereo ______(带有)a two-year guarantee. 4)In flooded areas，governments try their best to reduce the loss to a ______(最小的)degree. 单项填空

5)(2012·湖北100所重点中学10月联合)Some important changes on the surface of Mars tend to ______ the theory that the planet enjoys changes of seasons similar to those experienced on the earth. A．represent

B．confirm

C．assess

D．explore 答案：1)explore

2)exploration

3)carries

4)minimum

5)B 3．Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course. 这样他就能够辨别出自己是在正确的航道上而不是在随意行驶。

剖析：if在句中表示“是否”，引导一个宾语从句，可用whether代替。

He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. 他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功，医生告诉他手术是成功的。

The experiment cannot be satisfactory because he has to use the random selection of specimens. 这个实验不会让人满意的，因为他不得不用那些随意选来的试样。

The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从架上随便拿了一本书。

注意：random常用作定语；at random意为“随意地；随便地”。

根据句意和所给汉语提示填空

1)He was not listening and made a ______(随意) answer to the teacher's question. 2)He was in such a hurry that he took a book ________(随意)．

答案：1)random

2)at random 4．However，it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.

但是，它不容易使用，因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船只本身。

剖析：句子结构是“主语＋is/was＋形容词＋不定式……”。

as在句中引导一个原因状语从句，语气比because弱。

The students went to bed early as they were exhausted. 学生们很早就睡了，因为他们已筋疲力尽了。

考点一

awkward adj. 难使用的；

笨拙的

The tool he made was awkward to use as it was too heavy. 他做的工具太重了，很难使用。

The patient looks very awkward and he keeps dropping things. 病人看起来很笨拙，总是拿不住东西。

考点二

reference n．参考

Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones. 这儿有一份备忘录供你们接电话时参考。

I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. 我还没拿到参考书，可下个月这门课就要考试了。

归纳：for (one's)reference供(某人)参考

reference book参考书

考点延伸

词根：refer vi.提及；参考；参阅；查阅

In his speech，he referred to the problem several times. 在他的演讲中，他几次提及那个问题。

He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook. 他的晚餐是参考一本烹饪书做的。

The man referred to just now is a famous actor. 刚才提到的那个人是一个著名的演员。

As for the unknown words，you can refer to the dictionary. 至于那些不认识的单词，你可以查一下词典。

归纳：refer的过去式、过去分词均为referred，现在分词为referring。refer常与介词to连用，意为“提及；参考；查阅”。

同义句转换

1)We were embarrassedly silent when no one knew what to say. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2)This machine is difficult to operate. ________________________________________________________________________ 3)When I was looking for a job，she gave me some ads to get information from.

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4)The student who was referred to looks forward to studying abroad. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1)There was an awkward silence when none of us knew what to say. 2)This machine is awkward to operate. 3)When I was looking for a job，she gave me some ads as reference. 4)The student referred to looks forward to studying abroad. 5．This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe. 这是一种比较精确而且比较简单的星盘。

剖析：此句省略了than before。

在上文交代很清楚的情况下，常用这种省略形式。

We have a growing population and therefore we need more food. 我们的人口在增长，因此我们(比以前)需要更多的食物。

考点一

precise adj. 精确的；准确的

The trick is to be informative without trying to be too precise. 其诀窍在于提供充分的信息，但是并不过于精确。

The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect. 受害者能够清晰地描述嫌疑犯。

考点二

simplified adj. 简易化了的

We are writing simplified characters. 我们使用简体字。

派生词：

考点延伸

simple adj. 简单的；简易的

simplify vt. 单一化；简单化

The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. 这个故事里的英语被简化了，以便更容易理解。

单项填空

1)His instructions were not very ______so we didn't know what to do next. A．princely

B．precious

C．present

D．precise

2)The subject is extremely complex，so you must ______it enough for the students to follow. A．simplify

答案：1)D

2)A 6．The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes.

B．increase

C．richen D．strengthen

六分仪是星盘和象限仪的改进版，它减少了出差错的可能性。

剖析：which引导一个定语从句，修饰the updated version，而不是修饰紧邻的quadrant。

We are wandering along the river，flowing through London，which is called the Thames. 我们正在沿着流经伦敦的叫泰晤士河的河流漫步。

考点一

update vt. 更新

As time goes on，our English textbooks need to be updated. 随着时间的推移，我们的英语课本需要更新。

考点二

tendency n. 可能性；趋向；倾向

It is a fact that there is a tendency to regional cooperation. 地区合作的趋势是一个事实。

Bob has a tendency to speak highly of himself. 鲍勃有自夸的倾向。

考点延伸

tend vi.倾向(于……) Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds. 狼倾向于保护其猎场。

归纳：a tendency to/towards sth.“有……的趋向”；to为介词。

have a tendency to_do“有做……的倾向”；to后接动词原形。

tend to do...“易于做……；常常做……”；to后接动词原形。

单词拼写

1)Maps should be regularly u______ after several years. 2)There is a growing t______ for people to work at home. 答案：1)updated

2)tendency 7．It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. 在这些早期的航海仪器中，它被证明是最精确和最为可靠的一种。

考点一

prove to be＋adj./sth./that...证明……

The method proved to be highly effective. 这个方法证明是非常有效的。

The little boy has proved his cleverness in the television quiz. 这个小男孩在这次电视知识测验中证明了他的聪明。

考点二

reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的

The news comes from a reliable source. 这消息来源可靠。

He won't let you down.He's reliable. 他不会让你失望，他值得信赖。

考点延伸

rely v．依赖；依靠

Ask to work with a different person，or don't rely on this person. 请求与另外的人共事，或者不要依赖此人。

Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. 公司依靠电子邮件供员工相互交流。

归纳：rely常与on连用，rely on意为“依赖、依靠”；rely on...to_do sth.“依靠……做某事；指望……做某事”。

完成句子

1)________________(事实证明)that the creative power of people has no limits. 2)______________________(据可靠方面消息)that what has been achieved won't be made public from this year. 答案：1)Facts have proved

2)It is reported on reliable authority