Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教案2

SAILING THE OCEANS READING教学设计

1.

Preview

minimum、pole、overhead、offshore、outward、secure、magnetic、awkward reference、precise、simplify、portable、shortcoming、updated、tendency、reliable

2.

warming up How many oceans are there?what are they?look at the map. Do you know the story that Christopher Columbus found the new land?do you know any other people who conquered the oceans? Are they navigators? 3.

Pre-reading

(1)What is a navigator?

(2)

What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?

4.

Reading （1）read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used. Divide the passage into two parts Part1 use nature to keep alongside the coastline-celestial bodies-wildlife-weather-sea. Part2 use navigational instruments-finding longitude-finding latitude. （2）What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them. What would you do if you: You were far from land and a storm arose.

Plan of action wait till the storm is over, and then find your new position and return to your original course

You knew your latitude but didn't know your use knots to find your speed and work out your longitude.

approximate longitude

You were blown off-course.

use the compass and the astrolabe, quadrant or sextant to find out your position, return to your former course

You were offshore but you needed more food follow nesting birds to shore; look for special and water. cloud formations or fog over streams to find land

You wanted to keep a straight course.

You were lost with no land in sight.

use a compass

measure your position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or seaweed to show that land is nearby

(3)

Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.

Using nature:(1)To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun. (2)A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog. (3)Sailors used sea currents or tides and winds to increase their speed.

Using instruments

:There were two methods to find longitude: (1) measuring time and speed(2)compass and complicated mathematical tables. (4)Write down the working principles of the following instruments:

Beating circle:to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the 'sun at midday

Astrolabe:to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun Quadrant: a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position) Sextant: an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ship's position)

DISCUSS:Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hold ten items. What would you need for a week's journey across the North Sea to England?