Learning about Language教学目标设计

. BOOK 2

Unit 3

Computers Learning about Language

一、教材分析

本章节现在完成时被动语态是被动语态中的一个重难点，学好这一章节对学生理解语法知识有着很重要的作用。

二、学情分析

本课的授课对象是高一学生，这一年龄段的学生学习积极性比较高，思维活跃，可以采取多种教学方式将学生带入课堂，积极自主参与学习之中。

三、教学目标

掌握现在完成时被动语态的基本用法及应用。

四、教学重难点

现在完成时被动语态的基本构成与实际应用

五、教学过程

Step1课前复习

Ⅰ．重点单词

1．technology n．工艺；科技；技术

2．intelligent adj．智能的；聪明的

3．explore vt．& vi．探索；探测；探究

4．download vt．下载

5．virus n．病毒

Ⅲ．经典句式

1．By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true．

到我十六岁的时候，我的梦想实现了。

2．The company has given its computers away to a local school．

该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了电脑。

Step2 学习新知

现在完成时的被动语态

1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot．

2．First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop，I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s．

3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!

.

Ⅱ．核心短语

1．make use of利用

2．come true成为现实

3．as a result结果

4．give away泄露；赠送

. 4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me．

5．I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations．

一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

He has been admitted to the club．

他已被接纳为俱乐部成员了。

Tom's novel has not been published．

汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

Has his bike been repaired?

他的自行车修好了吗？

Who has been invited?

谁受到了邀请？

二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。

The room has already been cleaned．

这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours．

这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。

You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished．

在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题

1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的. 主语＋have/has been done... 主语＋have/has not been done... Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

. 情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year．

去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public．

这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了) 2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago．

这项工作在两周前已经完成。

The work has been finished．

这项工作已经完成。

3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into．

据说已经调查了这个问题。

4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years．

→Many houses have been built in the past ten years．

5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book．

→He has been given the book．

→The book has been given to him．

6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you．

→They have been told to help you．

Step 3 Exercise 1. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided .

. 2. Every possible means ___ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task ___ and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. Some new oilfields ___ since 1976. A. were opened up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up 5. The silence of the library ___ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 6. — ______ the sports meet might be put off.

— Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told Step 4 Homework Review the grammar. Finish Ex. 1,2 ，2on pages 20 and 21 .