Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学创新设计

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Objectives To help students learn to express causes and effects To help students learn to read an exposition about sailing the oceans To help students better understand “sailing”

To help students learn to use some important words and expressions To help students identify examples of the future passive voice in the text Focus Words accelerate, knot, simplify, update, swoop, peck, deposit, reckon, foresee, tear, roar Expressions Patterns at the mercy of Sea captains observed the clouds over islands. So accomplished navigators were able to use it

to plot their positions． Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when

it was nowhere to be seen． The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour． Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate

longitude using

complicated mathematical tables． Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course. Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Procedures 1． Warming up ⑴ Warming up by leaning about navigator A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel.

On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. ⑵Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits... ⑶Warming up by looking and listening Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. 2. Pre-reading by learning about navigational instruments ◇

artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot ◇

compass - navigational instrument for finding directions ◇

depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) ◇

inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon ◇

instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use ◇

asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse

to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee 3. Reading for forms Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. 4. Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS ■Using nature to help keeping alongside ■Using navigational instruments to help

the coastline

●Using celestial bodies: North Star; ●finding longitude

Sun; Clouds ●Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds ●Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The Quadrant; The sextant ●Using the weather: Fog; Winds ●Using the sea

5. Reading the text again to decide on the type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type SAILING THE OCEAN Using nature to help:

Keeping alongside the coastline, using celestial bodies, using exposition wildlife, using the weather, using the sea Using navigational instruments to help:

Finding longitude, Finding latitude

6．Making a diagram of SAILING THE OCEAN SAILING THE OCEANS （An exposition）

Using nature to keep alongside coastline

Part 1

Using navigational instruments to help

Part 2

Using celestial bodies

finding longitude

Using wildlife

Using the weather

Finding latitude

Using the sea

7. Closing down by answering comprehension questions 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century B. How to plot a ship’s position on a map C. How did ancient men navigate so well D. Use nature to aid navigation 2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them _____. A. find celestial bodies B. predict the weather C. explore the sea D. find latitude 3. The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were _____. A. hard-working B. brave C. intelligent D. energetic 4. According to the passage, _____. A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions．

B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

C. Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing．

D. The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments． (Keys: BDCB )