Learning about Language精品学案

Unit 2 Working the land Learning about Language: Grammar Teaching aims

1.Understand the sentences in the reading passages containing the -ing form as the subject and object. 2.Remember the basic sentence patterns which contain the -ing

form as the subject and object.This will help them understand some complex sentences. Teaching key points: To enable students to identity the sentences using the -ing form as the subject and object. Teaching difficult points: How to put the grammar rules into practice.

Step 1 Revision 1.Check the homework exercises. 2.Let Ss dictate some new words and expressions. Dictation:statistic,sunburnt,struggle,decade,super,output,crop,rid...of,be satisfied with,would rather....

Step 2 Leading in 1.Ask Ss to turn back to Page 10 to read through the passage, pick out the sentences using the -ing

forms as either the subject or the object, and then underline the -ing form in each sentence and translate the whole sentences into Chinese. 1)Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.(subject) 2)As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.(object of preposition) 3)Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(object of preposition ) 4)However, he doesn’t care about being famous.(object of preposition ) 5)He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.(object of verb) 6)Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.(subject) 7)Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.(subject) 8)Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.(subject)

2.Discovering useful structures Have them try to sum up some uses of the -ing form.

Step3 Grammar learning 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法

1. 动名词作主语

1)名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：

Seeing is believing.

Helping her is my duty. 2)动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词

+ doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词

+ doing”结构中作主语。

1

It is good playing chess after supper. 3)动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。

There is no telling what he is going to do. 2. 动名词作宾语

1)有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：

admit 承认; excuse 原谅;postpone 拖延;anticipate期望;fancy想象;practice 练习; appreciate 欣赏;finish 完成;prevent 防止;avoid 避免;forbid 禁止;propose 建议; consider 考虑;forgive 宽恕;recollect 回忆;delay 耽搁;imagine 想象;resent 厌恶;deny 否认; involve 涉及;resist 抵制;detest 厌恶;keep 保留;risk 冒险;dislike 讨厌;mind 在意;save 挽救;dread 害怕;miss 错过;suggest 建议;enjoy 喜欢;pardon 原谅;understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允许

I recommend buying the dictionary. I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.

2)有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：

can’t stand 忍不住;can’t help 忍不住;feel like 想，欲；

give up 放弃;put off 推迟

Do you feel like taking a walk? 3)动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。

We are looking forward to coming to China. 注意:下列短语中的to都是介词

devote …to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to(着手做

), look forward to，

lead to, be/get used to, stick to, make contributions to 4)在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词;be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lost time (in) + 动名词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。

The children are busy doing their homework. 5)在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面。例如：

I consider it a waste of time arguing about it. 我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。

6)在“there be”结构当中，be为动名词时，该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。

We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it. 我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。

Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts? 你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗？

3. 动名词的被动式

1)动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。

The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.) 2)在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering. 4. -ing与不定式的比较

1)-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。

I like reading, but now I like to see a film.

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2)可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词：

begin/start/continue to do/ doing

like/love/hate to do/doing

forget/ remember/ regret to do/doing 3)go on doing

继续做原来做的事

mean doing

意味着要做某事

go on to do

接着做另一件事

mean to do

想要做某事

stop doing

停止做某事

try doing

试着做某事

stop to do

停下来（别的事）开始做某事

try to do

努力做某事

be used to doing 习惯于做某事

can't help doing

禁不住做某事

be used to do

被用来做某事

can't help to do Step4 Grammar practice 1.Turn to P.13./Exercise 2/Exercise 3/Exercise 4 2.Turn to P.50./Exercise 1 Step4 Homework 1.Finish off the Workbook exercises. 2.Preview the reading passage.

3 不能帮助做某事