Learning about Language课堂实录【3】

Grammar (The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)

Teaching Goals Knowledge aims: 1. Get the students to learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause 2. Get the students to discover some useful words and expressions 3. Get the students to discover some useful structures Ability aims: Enable the students to grasp the differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause. Emotional aims: Get students to become interested in grammar learning. Teaching important and difficult points:

1．Enable the students to grasp the usage of the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause. 2. The difficult points lie in how to change between grammar learning and the actual application. Teaching methods: Task-based Method, Lecture Method, Practicing and summary.

Teaching procedures: Step 1.

Warming up. Firstly, show the students some sentences about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause. Secondly, guide the students to observe these sentences and analyze the difference between them. Finally, sum up the sentence structure.

Step 2.

Grammar learning. 1.形式不同

非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常用逗号开

Eg: In the class there are ten students who speak English very well.(限制性) 这个班上有十名英语说得好的学生。(暗示班上不只是十个学生)

In the class there are ten students, who speak English very well.(非限制性)

这个班上有十名学生, 他们英语说得很好。(表明班上只有十个学生)

2.作用不同

限制性定语从句起修饰限定作用,如果去掉, 就会造成句意不完整或概念不清; 而非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用, 如果省略, 句意仍然清楚、完整。

(1)

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。

Eg: a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?

站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字? b) Toronto is a city (that) I' ve

always wanted to visit. 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。

(2)非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。

Eg:a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.

意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。

b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London.

昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。

3.先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词通常是普通名词或代词;而非限制性定语从句的先行词还可以是专有名词或者整个句子

。

a）Mike sold the house which/that his family had lived in for 30 years.

迈克卖掉了那个他们住了三十年的房子。

b) Mike sold the house, which made his father very angry. 迈克卖掉了房子, 这件事使他父亲很生气。

通常要用非限定性定语从句的情况：

当先行词是专有名词或世界上独一无二的事物时。

a)

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.

b)

The moon, which is 384, 400 kilometers from the earth, creates many beautiful stories.

4.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。

eg.This is the girl who/whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的女孩。

先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。

eg.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。

先行词a new girl friend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom。

5.非限制性定语从句的关系词不同。

⑴

不用that ⑵

不用why，要用for which。

⑶

从句置于句首时,不用which，要用as。

1.

I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 2.I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 3. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 4.As I expected, he didn’t believe me. Step 3

Have a try Eg:A middle-aged woman killed her husband,

frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。

析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。

Eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,

surprises all the people present. 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。

析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。

Step 4. Practice (Page 4) 3.Join the pairs of sentences using restrictive or non-restrictive attributive clauses.

Step 5. Summary

1. 限制性定语从句: that 指________，在从句中作__________。

which 指________，在从句中作__________。

who 指________，在从句中作__________。

whom 指________，在从句中作__________。

whose 指________，在从句中作__________。

where 指________，在从句中作__________。

when 指________，在从句中作__________。

why指________，在从句中作__________。

2. 非限制性定语从句：

1）与限制性定语从句的区别；

2) 不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。

Step6. Homework Review what has been learned in this period. Blackboard Design:

The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause

1. Warming up 2.Grammar learning 3.Have a try 4.Practice 5.Summary 6.Homework