Learning about Language教案公开课一等奖

主谓一致

一、语法一致原则

主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。

Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。

二、意义一致原则

谓语动词用单数的情况

(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。

(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。

Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋复数名词作主语。

Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。

(4)由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语。

Is everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？

(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。

Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。

To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。

Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。

注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。

What they need are books.他们需要的是书。

谓语动词用复数的情况

(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。

(2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。

People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。

(3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语。

The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。

(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。

The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。

(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。

A number of other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。

谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

(1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。

The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。

(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。

Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。

There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

(3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。

The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。

Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些种类的动物要灭绝了。

(4)all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

All is going on very well.一切顺利。

All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在。

(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多学生要来开会。

A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。

三、就近一致原则

(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。

Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不适合这份工作。

Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不适合这份工作吗？

注意：“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。

(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？

四、选择题

1．—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A．have polluted

B．is being polluted C．has been polluted

D．have been polluted 2． Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer. A．is going to

B．are going to C．was going to D．were going to 3.The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America. A．are；were

B．is；were C．are；was

D．is；was 4． Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A．are

B．is C．have D．be 5．At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A．is

B．are C．will be

D．was 6．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited. A．were

B．have been C．has been

D．was 7． Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where________yet. A．hasn’t been decided

B．haven’t decided C．isn’t being decided

D．aren’t decided

8．We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant. A．is

B．are C．has been

D．have been 9． A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.

A．show；are

B．shows；is C．show；is

D．shows；are 10． As a result of the serious flood，two thirds of the buildings in the area_____. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair

11．—Hi，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. A．is

B．were C．are

D．was 12.John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center. A．have；is being taken B．have；has taken C．has；is taken D．has；have been taken 13． The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade. A．rose

B．is rising C．have risen

D．has risen 14． Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline. A．are；meet

B．is；meet C．are；satisfy D．is；satisfy 15．

Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________since the organization was built. A．has offered B．had been offered C．have been offered D．is offered 16． Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her. A．are；do

B．is；does C．are；does

D．is；do 17． On the contrary，I think it is Truman，________you，________ to blame. A．more than；are

B．less than；who are C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is 18．

Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time. A．is；is

B．are；are C．is；are

D．are；is 19． An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week. A．are to be held

B．are holding C．is holding

D．is to be held 20． ______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world. A．Four fifth；believes B．Four fifth；believe

C．Four fifths；believe D．Four fifths；believes 21． Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels. A．has turned

B．have turned C．being turned D．are going to turn 22．—Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book.

—So have I. A．is reading B．has read C．read D．reads 23．—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day? —A gift together with many flowers________sent to me. A．is B．are C．was

D．were 24.This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless. A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are 25．—Mike，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who________to visit the museum________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. A．is；is B．are；are C．is；are

D．are；is