Learning about Language优秀教案

必修II

Unit 3

Grammar 教学设计

The Present Perfect Passive Voice

宝鸡石油中学

杨淑珍

2017.12.14 Teaching

objectives:

掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成和用法。

Step1 Presentation Look at the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined part. 1)

Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2)

First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices

and homes since the 1970s.

3)

Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget

anything I have been told!

4)

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 5) I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 6) I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Step2 Demonstration 现在完成时的被动语态

Defination: 现在完成时的被动语态表示某个被动的动作发生在过去,对现在

造成了结果和影响；或者某个被动动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，对现在造成了结果和影响

。

The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。

The machine has

been used for years. 这台机器已经被使用了数年了。

现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。

现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。

Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？

现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词

+ have / has + been + done Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请？

现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况：

1.过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常与之连用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间状语（从句），these days, so far, up to now, in the last / past few years等。

e.g. This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years.

His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China.

JK Rowling’s novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far.

2.表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。

e.g. The bike has not been repaired yet.

I have already been introduced to Mr. Smith. 【注意】

1) 现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：have／has和been缺一不可。

2) 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。

e.g. The machine has been repaired．机器已经修好了。

(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)

The machine was repaired yesterday．机器昨天修了。

(只说明动作发生在昨天。) 3) 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g. The orphans have been taken good care of here．

孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。

4) 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 5) 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。

如

My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

How long has this book been bought?

How long ago was this book bought? 6) 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

e.g. We have built many houses in the past ten years.

→Many houses have been built in

the past ten years. 7）副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been

believed. 8）

open, break, drop等不强调动作发出

者时常用主动语态。

The door often opens of itself. ［误］The door has been opened of

itself. ［正］The door has opened of itself. 分析: 有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。

9）短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The patients have been taken good care of.

主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构

(be + 过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

All the people laughed at him.------

He was laughed at by all the people.

They make the bikes in the factory.---- The bikes are made by them in the factory.

(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him. (5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you. Step3 Exercises

Quiz I: Multiple choice

1. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday ______ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 2. Every possible means ______ to

prevent the air pollution, but the

sky is still not clear.

A. is used

B. are used

C. has been used

D. have been used

3. All the preparations for the task ______ and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

4. — ______ the sports meet might be

put off.

— Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told 5. I got caught in the rain and my

suit _______.

A. has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined 6. In recent years many football clubs

______ as business to make a profit.

A. have run

B. have been run

C. had been run

D. will run 7. I like these English songs and they

_____ many times on the radio.

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught

8. --- Why does the Lake smell terrible? --- Because large quantities of water

______.

A. have polluted

B. is being polluted

C. has been polluted

D. have been polluted

9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive

in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _______ before leaving their hometowns.

A. promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised

10. In the last few years thousands of

films _________ all over the word.

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

选做题：Quiz II: Turn the following into the

Passive Voice. 1. We have planted some trees around the lake.

2. My father has locked the door.

3. Someone has turned off the light.

4. They will hold the Olympic Games in London in the year 2012.

5. They have rebuilt the bridge.

Answers: Quiz I

1--5 DCDAC

6--10BDDDB Quiz II

1.Some trees have been planted around the lake. 2.The door has been locked. 3.The light has been turned off. 4.The bridge has been rebuilt. 5.The Olympic Games will be held in London in the year 2012.