Using LanguageⅡ教学目标设计

阅读理解之主旨大意题教学设计

教学目标：

提高学生快速准确把握文章主旨大意的能力

题型特点：

一、

阅读技巧“tips”

（一）

题型特点

考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。

（二）

题干表现形式

1. What would be the best title of the passage?

2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3. What is the passage mainly about?

4. What does the text mainly talk about? 5. What is the (main) purpose of this article? 6. The purpose of the passage is ___ .

7. What’s the topic of the article?

8. What is the main idea of the passage?

9. The passage is intended to _____.

（三）应试技巧

1.

主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“

主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意。

2.

无明显主题句时高频信息词

一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

3.归纳分类

(1)开门见山式

主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。

People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在__________________________________________________ Exercise:

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. What does this passage mainly talk about？

A.Competition helps to set up self-respect. B.Opinions about competition are different among people. C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. （2）藏头露尾式

主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，主题句往往位于末段。

Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

主题句在__________________________________________________ Exercise: On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. What’s the main idea of the passage？

A. Keep away from the Internet.

B. Surf the net.

C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.

D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. （3）首尾呼应式

在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也很常见。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。

Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,”

he said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife!’ Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”

“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.

主题句在__________________________________________________ Exercise; Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…

There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.

At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians. The passage is mainly about

.

A. How to Play Lacrosse

B. Lacrosse in Canada

C. The History of Lacrosse

D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada ．

（4）抛砖引玉式

即文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful？

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections”

of interesting “things”

rather than protective habitats (栖息地). …

Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’

natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty…. Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.

What does the author try to argue in the passage？

A.Zoos are not worth the public support. B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings. D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment. （5）藏龙卧虎式

即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。

Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.

A. where handshaking was first practiced B. how handshaking came about C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China 4.关注标志词

文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示词。如：

1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词

but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper

also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. 主题句是__________________________________________________ 2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：

on the whole, in brief/short, above all, after all, all in all, in conclusion, in a word, in short, as a result, therefore, thus等

3) 如果主题句有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。

5.选择最好的标题——选帽原则

标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。标题要避免概括不够，即以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替具体的大意；也要避免概括过度，即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥，导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要突出醒目，能吸引读者的眼球。

He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …

The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable. For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？”

Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)…

第59题：What would be the best title for the passage？

A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas

B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive？

C．A Christmas Story

D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children？

6.选标题的误区------引以为戒

●

以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。

•

主观臆断。读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。

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无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。