Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学设计方案

Book 9

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans

编写：邱少君

SAILING THE OCEANS I. Important words and expressions 1. Words ①

_minimum_ adj. 最小的；最低的

②

pole

_ n. 地极；柱；杆

③

_secure

_ adj. 安全的；可靠的

④

__awkward_ adj. 难使用的；笨拙的

⑤

_simplify _ vt. 单一化；简单化

⑥

__shortcoming_ n. 缺点；短处

⑦

_reliable

_ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的

⑧

__tendency_ n. 趋向；倾向

2. Phrases ①受…支配___at the mercy of

__

②解决；算出；弄懂____work out___ ③接近；靠近__close to

__

④海里____nautical mile

__ ⑤set loose

__出发；开始

_____

⑥jaws of death __鬼门关

___ II. Reading and Comprehending 1. Fast reading

What did people use to help sailing?

①nature → ___celestial bodies__ , wildlife, __weather_ , sea .

②instruments → _knot_ , compass, __bearing circle_ , _astrolabe_ , quadrant, __sextant_. 2.

Careful reading. Choose the best answer. ①How many traditional methods used by seamen are mentioned in the text?

A

A. Four

B .Five

C. Eight

D. Ten ②By studying the wind ,seamen could __C_____. A. tell the distance they had covered

B. know how far away they were away C. judge the direction of ship

D. make their journey meaningful

③Latitude and longitude are used to help seamen know ___B____.

A. how far away they are from land

B. where they are in the ocean

C. the right direction of the course

D. the direction of the ocean currents ④In order to calculate the speed of their ship, seamen used to use __D____.

A. the compass

B. a rope

C. a log

D. both B and C ⑤which is the correct order of the development of navigational instruments?

C

A. The compass-the sextant-the quadrant-the astrolabe-the bearing cirale

B. The bearing circle-the astrolabe- the sextant- the quadrant- the compass

C. The bearing circle- the astrolabe- the quadrant- the sextant- the compass

D. The astrolabe- the bearing cirale- the sextant- the quadrant- the compass

⑥Which is fit to describe this passage? It is a __B_.

A. narration (记叙文)

B. exposition (说明文)

C. prose (散文)

D. poem 3. Comprehending. 1）

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

1

What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( B )

What is the use of a compass? ( A )

A

to set the course of the ship

B

to measure the position of the ship

C

to measure the speed of the ship

D

to tell the time 2）Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude (经度) of a ship?

Because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.（P13）

3）Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude（纬度）?

The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.（P13）

III. Language Learning 1.

This seems to

have been

the first and most useful form of exploration, which carried the minimum

amount of risk. 1）在seem后接动词不定试的完成式

seem to have done/been表示

该动作发生在seem之前_, 如：

a)

He _seems to have lost confidence_ in himself. （他似乎对自己失去了自信）

b)

They don’t seem to __have grasped/understood__ what I meant. 他们好像还没明白我的意思。

2）minimum 在本句中作形容词，在其它情况下也可作名词，多用_单数_形式，其复数形式是

_minima_ 或

_minimums. 2.

As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman’s hands. 句中的as 引导

状语_从句，

表示

__当…时候；与…同时

_的意思。

The phone rang just as I was leaving the house.

我刚要出门，电话就响了。

3.

However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. it 指上面提到的“罗盘”，awkward 的意思是not convenient, difficult; as 的意思是_because.

it was awkward to use 可理解为：It was awkward to use the astrolabe. 这个句子的it 又可以作一个形式主语，真正的主语是_to use the astrolabe_ IV. Exercise.

1.单句语法填空

1)

However, it was awkward_ to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.

2)

This was a more precise and simplified_ version of the astrolabe.

3)

It proved to be the most accurate and

reliable_ of these early navigational instruments.

4)

This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum__

amount of risk. 5).

Once we were at sea, our

routine_ every day was the same.

6)

There is a special cloud formation which

indicates_ there is land close by.

7)

Seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were

offshore_ and in the open sea.

8)

Wise seamen could

accelerate__ the speed, but they could also be dangerous.

9)

There is no secure_ method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.

10)

An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted__ rope tied to a log over the side of the ship.

11)

The compass has a special

magnetic_ pointer which always indicates the North Pole.

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2.翻译句子

1．我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋探索的。

We may well wonder how seaman explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.

2．在看不见陆地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。

(be used to do)

Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.

3．在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线，风筝在他的头顶上正由风摆布，忽上忽下。

（overhead, at the mercy of）

In the park I saw a small boy holding the string of a kite overhead, which was rising and falling at the mercy of the wind.

4．他总是使我们忙个不停，并且竭力使我们忘记饥渴。

（take one’s minds off）

He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst.

3.语法填空

I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh __on_

his journey of over 40 days through about 4,000 miles in an open boat across __the

Pacific Ocean in 1789. Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti _had been filled__

(fill) with the kind of incidents that I _thought__

(think) would be my stories when I returned home. _But_ how wrong I was! On our departure __from_ Tahiti , some of the crew took over the ship. They deposited the captain into a small __boat__ to let him find his own way home. But _who

else was to go with? Those of us on board the “Bounty” _were caught_ (catch) in a dilemma. Was it _better_

(good) to risk certain death by sitting close together on a small, crowded open boat with very little food and water?

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