Learning about Language第二课时教案

动词的各种时态时态

台师高级中学高三英语备课组

主编：黄小梅

一．动词

动词的四种形式

1. 过去式、过去分词：（构成规律）

1）在原形动词词尾加-ed ，清辅音后读/t/，浊辅音、元音后读/d/，

/t/、/d/后读/id/ work---

open—

play---

enjoy--

destroy---

hand---

need---

want---

2）以辅音字母加

y 结尾的, 变

y 为

i 再加-ed study---

carry---

hurry--- cry-----

dry----

3）一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写再加-ed

stop---

regret---

admit---

prefer-- 4）不规则变化：(请熟记）

put---

cost---

plan- 2、现在分词：（构成规律）

1）动词原形后加-ing

teach---

study---

play--- 2）以不发音字母

e 结尾的，先去

e 再加-ing

write---

take---

have---

make--

3）以一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外)结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写再加-ing

beg---

stop---

begin--- 4）以

ie 结尾的先变

ie 为

y 再加-ing lie---

die---

tie---

但：ski---

3、一般现在时动词第三人称单数：（构成规律）

1）原形动词后加-s

stop---

write--

play---

2）以

s、x、o、ch、sh 结尾的加-es

pass---

fix---

do--

watch--

wash--- 3) 以辅音字母

+y 结尾的变

y 为

i 再加-es

study---

try---

※

say---

语态

主动语态

被动语态

时间状语

时态

（以动词do为例）

（以动词do为例）

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

do/does am/is/are doing

have/has done am/is/are done am/is/are being done

have/has been done

every day

now

for, since, In the past 10 years

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一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

一般将来时

过去将来时

did

was/were doing

had done

was/were done

was/were being done

had been done yesterday This time yesterday by the end of last year

will do am/is/are going to do

would do was/were going to do will be done tomorrow

am/is/are going to be done would be done

was/were going to be done

I.一般现在时（※常用于说明文，议论文及任务型写作的第二部分）

1、一般现在时用法：

1）经常性、习惯性的动作

I go to work by bus.

2）现在的特征或状态

a. I am a teacher and I teach English.

b. I love sports.

3）普遍真理

a. Light travels faster than sound.

b.

Water boils at 100℃.

一般现在时

常用的时间状语有：

always , often,

usually,

sometimes, seldom,

ever,

never,

every day (week, month, year),

once a year,

now and then,

from time to time. 2、谓语构成：

1) 肯定句：

主动语态：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数

被动语态：am/is/are +done/PP（过去分词）

(1). My parents _______（浇水）

vegetables every day. (2). Vegetables _______（浇水）(by my parents) every day. (3).Li Tao _______ （读）English every morning. (4).English

_______ （读）

(by LiTao) every morning. 3) 一般问句:

主动语态：

Do 或

Does + 主语+动词原形+…? 被动语态：Is/Am/Are +主语+过去分词+…?

---______ he _______ (work) in a plastic factory?

---No, he doesn’t.

_____ Vegetables _______（浇水）(by my parents) every day? 4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句?

---___________ do you write to him?

---Once a month.. Practice:

On every

Thursday evening , we teachers ________ (参加) a seminar . Usually, the seminar ____________ (持续) for about one hour. At the beginning of every seminar, the

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setion chief __________ （告诉）us the teaching plans of the next week. Then the teachers _________ (讨论) their teaching difficulties that they ______(遇到)during their teaching. Sometimes, after an open class every teacher first ____________ (提出)forward to his or her advice. Finally, the section chief ___________(总结) a conclusion .

II．

现在进行时

1、现在进行时用法：

1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作

I am teaching and you are listening to me.

2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作

He is writing a book this week.

3）与

always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪

The girl is always smiling happily.

You are always making the same mistake.

3) .一般问句只需把

am,is,are提到句首

如: They _____________ (not, play) football. They _____________ (play) basketball. ---____ she _______ (do) her homework now? ---No, she isn’t.

She ___________ (write) a letter. ---Who ____ our teacher ______ (talk) with? ---He ___________ with my father.

It’s Spring Festiva now, and it’s a very busy time for Chinese families.

At the moment ,everyone_______________(正在准备) ready for it.We ____________ (正在清洁) the house and sweeping away the bad luck by sweeping the floor. My father _______________(正在装饰) the house while my mother ______________(正在煮饭) a meal, and my grandmother ______________ (正在看电视)TV. All the children ____________ (正穿着) new clothes .Families ________________ (在吃) jiaozi (dumplings). All of the parents _____________(在给) their children red packets of money

for good luck. Young people _____________(在舞) dragon dance in the streets. The New Year Festival ends at the Lantern Festival, which

is called Yuanxiao.

III. 现在完成时

1、现在完成时用法：

1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果）

I have finished my work.

He has found his lost key.

2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态

They have worked in that factory for ten years. 标志词:recently, nowadays, at present, since…(主句的谓语）in /over the past/last+时间段，

2、谓语构成：

肯定句：主动语态：主语+have/ has + 过去分词

被动语态：主语+have/has +been +过去分词

We __________（已经种了）

one hundred apple trees this year. One hundred apple trees ______________ （已经种了）by us this year. Miss Li _________ （已经买了）an English-Chinese dictionary. An English-Chinese dictionary _________ （已经买了）by Miss Li. They __________ （已经结婚）

for twenty years.

2）否定句：主动语态：主语+

have, has + not (haven’t, hasn’t) +done

被动语态：主语+

have, has + not (haven’t, hasn’t) +been +done

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I ______________ (not, finish) reading the novel. The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _____________ (not, come) yet.

The bridges ____________________ (还没修好) yet. 3）一般问句：主动语态：

Have/ Has+主语+done…?

被动语态：

Have/ Has+主语+been done…?

---______

you ______ (hand) in your homework?

---No, I haven’t.

--______your homework ________(hand) in ? --No.it hasn’t. 熟读例句：一. 首先假设我们有一件事，发生在过去，而一直延续到现在，就要用现在完成式，这种句子后面常有since或for。以下是这种情形的例子：

（1）自从1963年，我一直在念英文。

I have studied English since 1963. （2）自从1975年以后，我就住在这里。

I have lived here since 1975. 二．使用现在完成式的另一情况是强调已经完成的事，比方说，你说〝我已经写了那封信〞，就可以用现在完成式，或者，你说〝他已经完成了工作〞。以下是这类的例子：

（1）我已经写了这封信。

I have already written the letter. （2）他已经完成了工作。

He has already completed the work. 三．现在完成式用来表示一种经验，举例来说，〝我曾经到过美国〞、〝我曾见过李总统〞、〝我有生以来没有跳过舞〞，这些都应该用现在完成式，例如：

（1）

我曾经到过美国。

I have been to America. （2）

我曾见过李总统。

I have seen President Lee. 四．现在完成式可以用来表示一件过去常发生的事：

（1）

今年我国已有二次台风。We have already had two typhoons so far this year. （2）

他今年已发表了三篇论文。He has already published three papers this year. 3）

过去一年，我看了三次〝铁达尼号〞。In the past year, I have seen The Titanic three times. 区别：

1. Bill

has gone to

London , and he will come back tomorrow.

2. I have been to Paris twice.

He has never been there.

3. A: How long have you been in China ?

B:

For one year.

have/has gone to

去了

说话时某人不在只用于第三人称

have/has been to

去过某地

常与ever, never,

once,twice,连用

have/has been in 在…

与时间段连用用how long 提问

2. A:

I haven’t seen you for a long time.

Where _____ you _____?

B: I _____________ the United States.

3. A:

How long ____ you _______ China?

B:

I _________ here for 3 years.

4、延续性动词与非延续性动词

1）延续性动词：表示动作可以持续一段时间

live, learn, watch, walk, teach, work, rain

2）非延续性动词：表示动作瞬间即完成

die, buy, come, arrive, open, close, join, see, leave

3）延续性动词可以和时间段连用

My grandparents have lived in the village for seventy years.

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He has worked in that office since last summer.

4）非延续性动词不与时间段连用

他已经来了半个小时了。

He has come here for half an hour.（误）

He has been here for half an hour. (正确) 改错：

1. 他已经去世15年了。

He has died for fifteen years. 2. 她已经参军九个月了。She has joined the army for nine months. 3.

这本书我已经借了两周了。I have borrowed the book for two weeks. 4.

她们已经离开这里五天了。They have left here for five days. 5.

我好久没见到她了。I haven’t seen her for a long time (正确) 非延续动词可以用于完成时，但不能与时间段连用，否定句可以！

区别For /since 1. Kate has lived here for 3 years. 2. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago/ last month / 2001 / Oct. 1st . 3. Kate has lived here since she came to China. for +

段时间

since +

点时间

/段时间+ago/

句子（过去时）

5、一般过去时与现在完成时的联系与区别：

1）联系：动作均发生在过去

2）区别：一般过去时只强调动作本身

现在完成时强调对现在的影响

He came here yesterday. (她来过这里)

He has come here.

(他现在还在这里)

I bought a computer last month.（曾买过）

I have bought a computer. （我现在还拥有它）

They went to London last year. （曾去过）

They have gone to London. (还未回来，人不在这里)

She wrote two letters with a blue pen in her study last night.

She has written twelve letters to her boyfriend.

(不强调具体方式、时间、地点等，只强调结果：12封信写完了

练习：用动词适当形式填空

1. Mr. Wang ______________ (learn) 1,000 English words by now. 2. The police _____________ (find) the murderer. 3. I am looking for my key. _____ you ____ (see) it? 4. Tom is not here. He _________ (go) to the library. 5. ---_____ she ________ (return) the book?

---No, not yet. 6. ---He _______________( not, finish) his work.

What about you?

---I ___________ (not), either. 7. She __________ (be) a Party member for 20 years. 翻译：

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂

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姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

Ⅵ.过去进行时

用法：表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作. 常和

at eight o’clock

last night,

from 8:00 to 12:00 yesterday morning.

(at) this time yesterday等时间状语连用。

如：What were you doing at twelve o’clock

last night?.

He was watching TV when I came in.

2、表示过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，常适用于go, come, leave, die, arrive, start, fly fall asleep等瞬间动词。如：

Mr. Green was flying to Guangzhou the next week. 第二周格林先生要乘飞机去广州。

I was just falling asleep when someone knocked on the door. 我刚要睡着，这时有人敲门。

3、与always连用，用来叙述过去经常或反复的动作，带有赞扬、厌烦、抱怨等感情色彩。如：

My brother was always losing his key. 我弟弟总是把他的钥匙弄丢。（厌烦）

She was always quarrelling with her neighbours她老是和邻居吵架。（厌烦）

She was always doing things for other people. 她总是为别人做事。（赞扬）. 谓语构成

肯定句：主动语态：

was, were + 现在分词

被动语态：was,were+being +done/pp 否定句：主动语态：was/were not+现在分词

被动语态：was/were not +being done/pp a. She ___________ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday. b. We ____________(play) football when it began to rain. c. -What ____ he ______ when his father came home?

-He ___________ games on the computer. d. Pardon? I ______________ (not, listen) just now. 练习:

1.At this time yesterday,

they ___________ (have) lunch. 2.What __________

you__________ (do) at ten o’clock last night? 3.She ____________ (sing) songs from 7:00 to 8:00 that evening. 4.It ___________________ (rain) all day yesterday. 5.I _______________ (write) a letter when he came in. 6.The telephone rang while she _____________(wash). 7.A study in 1970 found that 80,000 computers then__________________(use) in business in the United States. 8.We were told that we couldn’t stay in that room as it _________________(redecorate).

Ⅶ. 过去完成时

1、过去完成时用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作

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When I arrived, the film had begun..

They

had learnt Chinese for a year before they came to China.

He had finished

writing the report by the end of last month. She told us her parents

had

worked

in the hospital for twenty years. 2、过去完成时构成：

主动语态：had + 过去分词

被动语态：had been+过去分词

When I got home, they _____________ (get) supper ready. When I got

home,supper ____________(get) ready. He said he _________ to Japan twice. 特殊句式

1. Hardly ______ we _________ (begin) when we were told to stop. 2. No sooner _____ the murderer ______ (come) back home than he was arrested. 3. It was the first time that I ________________(be) in Beijing. Hardly……when……；

No sooner……than……：

一……就……

前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时

It was the first/second…/last time that sb.+had done…. 时态填空

1.She ___________(learn) 2,000 English words by the end of last month. 2.The train __________ (leave) when I got to the station. 3.He asked who ___________ (break) the vase. 4.I found the pen which I ____________ (lose). 5.It was the first time this year he_______________ on Saturday. (not work)

Ⅷ．

一般将来时（※常用于通知,计划和天气预报的写作中）

1、一般将来时用法：

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

I will go to Tibet some day by plane.

He will be busy tonight. 2、谓语构成

1）肯定句

主动语态:（1）will +动词原形

（第一人称也可用shall ）

被动语态（1）

will+be+done/PP;

Professor Li

___________ (将作)the talk.

The talk _____________

(将作) by Professor.

2）主动语态:is/am/are going to +动词原形

被动语态：am/is/are going to be done/PP（过去分词）a. 打算、计划做某事

I ___________(将买)a dictionary tomorrow.

A dictionary _______________(将买) by me tomorrow. There ______________（将有）

a wonderful film in our school tonight. A wonderful film _______________（将被放）in our school tonight. b. 即将、眼看要发生

Look at the dark clouds. It________________

3）主动语态: is/am/are

to +动词原形：安排好的事

被动语态：is/am/are to be +done /PP（过去分词）

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We _____________ at the entrance of the park （4）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来

The plane _________ at a quarter past nine. （5）用进行时表示将来

They _____________ (leave) tomorrow.

如: come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay

（6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时

a. We ______ (go) to the park if it __________ (not, rain) tomorrow. b. We _______ (give) it to him when he __________ (arrive). c. One ____________ (not, learn) English well unless he ___________ (study) hard. d. I ___________ (tell) her the news as soon as she __________ (come) back.

2）否定句：主动语态：will / shall + not +动词原形

被动语态：will not /won’t+be+done/PP; shall not/ shan’t be done/PP We will not invite him to the meeting next week.

____________________

He ________ come to the party tomorrow 3）一般问句：将

will 提到句首（第一人称用

shall ）

________ you go to the Summer Palace with us?

_________ we have a break? 4）疑问词

+ 一般问句?

_______________shall we meet next time? ________ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon? _________ will he turn to for help? _________ shall we do if there is no bus? The purposes of the program _________(是)to make our school more beautiful , to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in. According to the program, we _____________（将种）different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school. We __________ (将建) a botanical garden for us to visit and practice in. Besides,we __________(将建)a small garden for students to do some reading and take a rest. What’s more, we

_________（将建立）some statues of famous people to encourage the students and teachers to work harder.

Ⅸ. 过去将来时

1、过去将来时用法：

表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态

He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week. 2、过去将来时构成：

主动语态：would + 动原或

was(were) going to + 动原

被动语态：would +be+done/pp或was/were going to+ be done They said they ______________ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.

They said any reporter _______________(not allow) to enter their factory.

练习：

1学生们说第二天他们要去游长城. The students said they were going to visit the Great Wall the next day. 2他说他要住在乡下。

He said he would live in the countryside. 作业：复习所学内容并整理错题。

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