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Grammar

Attributive Clauses 语法定语从句

This baby whom

the father is taking care of is very cool.

You can’t see the people who are standing at the back. The things that/which are held in their hands are bottles. The people whose performance is amazing are welcomed by all the Russians. The pig that/ which is standing upside down is naughty

1. Definition （定义）

定语从句: 在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

I like school dancing that can give us pleasure. 被修饰的词称为先行词(antecedent )．

连接定语从句和先行词的词称为关系词(引导词)。

关系代词(主语、宾语)：who, that, which, whom, whose 关系副词(状语)：when, where, why 替代什么？什么成分？



1. The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students。



2. The student whom we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 

3. He lives in the room whose windows face south. 

4. He likes to use the dictionary which was published in 1986. 

5. Have you seen the books that were bought by him? 

6. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 

7. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

1. which / that 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。

1) His dream is to go to a university that is close to his high school.

His dream is to go to a university which is close to his high school. 2) The film that we saw last night was very wonderful.

The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.

The film we saw last night was very wonderful. 特殊情况：

只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的6种情况：

a) 不定代词，如：any, nothing, something, somebody, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

凡是能够做的都已经做了。

All that could be done has been done.

b) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

这正是我需要的书。

This is the very book that I need.

c) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。

He is the last man that I want to marry.

d) 先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。

They spent the whole night talking about the things and people that have impressed them deeply in high school. e) 关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that。

China is no longer the country that it was 30 years ago f) which/who引导的特殊疑问句中，用that。

Which of the events that have happened this year has impressed you most? 你在找的人是谁？Who is the person __________________________?

答案：that you are looking for 2. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人), 在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格, 只能作宾语。(that也指人。可代替who, whom，可作主语或宾语)

He knew the teacher who met me yesterday.

He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.

He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.

He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.



3. whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。



I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen . 

I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. 

I’ll call a person. His father knows you. 

I’ll call a person whose father knows you. whose 引导的定语从句的变化形式 

请把黄色的书递给我。



Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow. 

Please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow. 

Please pass me the book of which the cover is yellow. 

This is a good book and the cover of _____ is yellow. whose 在定语从句中作定语(指人或物)，

of + which + the + n = the + n + of + which 关系副词

I visited the house. She stayed in the house. I visited the house where she stayed. I went to Chengdu last year. An important meeting was held last year. I went to Chengdu last year when an important meeting was held.

The reason why he was late is that he got up late. 关系副词：when, where, why 

The dictionary is the only place ________ success comes before work. 

成功先于工作的唯一情况是在字典里。



This is a beautiful place __________ I visited last year. 

He began studying in Chengdu in 1992 _______ there were few university students. Act.4:

Complete each sentence with one of these words. 

Mencius wrote a book ________ many people have read. 

Mencius came from a part of the world _______ change was happening fast. 

This was a period

________ many people became interested in Confucius’s teachings. 4.

Mozi was a man

_______ behaviour was often unusual. 5.

Mozi was a teacher ________ principles were different from those of Confucius. 6.

It was a time _______ philosophers could have positions in governments. 7.

He came from an area

________ people were very poor. 关系词的正确选用 1. This is the job __________ he enjoys himself so much. 2. This is the job____________ he enjoys so much.

3. The reason ______________ I bought the roses is that my girlfriend likes them. 4. The reason ________________ he explained to me is simply unbelievable. 5. December 21st ,2012 was a time ________the world would end according to Mayan perdition. 6. December 21st, 2012 was a time _____________ I would pay attention to.

I want to go back to the farm ____ I worked 2 days ago.

I want to go back to the farm ____ I visited 2 days ago. 关系代词与介词

介词放在关系代词的前面时, 介词宾语只能用which代物, whom代人。(介词在末尾时, 关系词可以省略) 1) This is the city (which / that) we are talking about.

This is the city about which we are talking .

2) Cai Lun is a man (who / whom / that) China can be proud of.

Cai Lun is a man of whom China can be proud. 注意:

固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不能提前。例如: look after Act.4. Connect the sentences using the giving phrases. 

We’re in the region in which printing was first invented. 

It is an invention of which he is very proud . 

He is a man of whom I am afraid because he has invented something very dangerous. 

The machine at which you are looking is very old. 

Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?

The room ____________ I live in is very big.

The room ____________ I live is very big.

The room ____________ I live is very big. when, where, why=“介词+ which”. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

Chengdu is not the place where (in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

定语从句认知 I now live in the house _______my father lived.

A. that

B. which

C. where

C. /

注意：



做宾语时，关系词可省；



只有that可做表语；

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2.Who 和 that不能用于介词后面。

Note 1 关系代词前介词的选择

This is the car ____which I bought last year. This is the car ____which I paid 100$. This is the car ____which I spent 100$. This is the car ____which I go to work every day. This is the car _______ which I can’t go to work.

This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down. This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone. This is the car _______which we talked . This is the car ____which the window was broken. Note 2: 关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定

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1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。



Is that the newspaper ____which you often write articles? 

2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。



Can you explain to me how to use these

idioms ________which I’m not sure. 

3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。



1949 was the year ___which the P.R.C. was founded. Note 3: 介词+关系代词的常见结构

①介词+which/whom This is the famous singer ______________we have often talked. Fortunately we had a map, ________________ we would have got lost. ②名词+of+ which/whom Please pass me the book ____________________ is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。

③数词/代词+of+ which/whom She‘s got three lucky pens, ________________ she never uses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过/一只也未用过。

In our school there are about 200 teachers, _________________ are women. 我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十/大多数是女教师。

(4)最高级+of+ which/whom China has thousands of islands, ____________________ is Taiwan. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。

(5)介词+which+名词

He usually returns home at ten, _________________ his father locks all the doors ad windows. 他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。

His wife got seriously ill, _________________ he had to give up the chance of going abroad. 他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。

The USA is a country in which/ where people are free to hold a gun. The USA is a country with whose help Japan can speak louder on the international stage. The USA is a country which is called a melting pot and has a history of more than 200 years.

Mr. Xia is a teacher who/ whom/ that/ whose/ from whom/ from whose…______________. As 与 which 1）as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，

指代一个句子。

He married her, as/ which was natural.

He is honest, as/ which we can see. 2)

a. As is known to all, China is a developing country. b. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. c. John, as you know, is a famous writer. d. Zhanghua has been to Paris more than ten times,

which I don’t believe. e. Tom was late for school again, which made his

teacher very unhappy. as 可置于句首，句中，句末，含有“正如，正像”

的意思。

which 通常放在主句之后。

As is known to all,…

As sb can see,…

As is said above,…

As is often the case,…

The Beatles,

many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 津）

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. as

《经典例析》

He studied in Chengdu No.7 High School, _______ he went to Peking University.

A. after which

B. after that

C. after it

D. after when He studied in Chengdu No.7 High School, after which he went to Peking University. He studied in Chengdu No.7 High School, and after that he went to Peking University. He is a famous scientist _____ the president gave award.

A. to who

B. to whom

C. to that

D. to which He cleaned the windows of the classroom, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for long. He cleaned the windows of the classroom, and most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned for long.

He has two sons, both of _____ went abroad two years ago.

He has two sons, and both of _____ went abroad two years ago. I bought a book yesterday, the price of which is reasonable. I bought a book yesterday, and the price of _____ is reasonable. Fill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences. 

Tell me the reason ____ you were late for class. 

2. Who is the girl _____ is speaking there ? 

3. The computer ________ CPU doesn’t work has to be repaired. 

4. This is just the place ___ I’ve been longing to visit for years. 

比较: 

This is the house __________ he lived(vi.) 

This is the house __________he visited.(vt.) 3. That was the day ______________ I first went abroad. 4. 2008 was the year

______

I will never forget. when/on which

(which/that) 5. The reason ______________

I bought the roses is that my girlfriend likes them. 天

（

6. The reason __________ he explained to me is simply

unbelievable.

why /for which (which/that) Correct the sentences: 1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday._______ 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? _______ 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. _______ 4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget. _______ 5.That is the last place when I want to go to. _______ 6. Those want to buy tickets write down your names. _______ 7. That was the reason because she looked old. _______ 8. I like the house, of which windows are beautiful._____ 9. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. _______ 10. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. _______ 11. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. _______ 12. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. _____ 13. The bike by which I travelled was his. _______ 14.Which is the book which she wants to borrow? ______ 1. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A. of whom

B. whom

C. of whose

D. whose

2. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.

A. that

B. who

C. from whom

D. to whom

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is _______ I got wet through.

A. the reason

B. the reason why

C. that

D. how

5. The boss ____ department Ms. King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

A. in which

B. in that

C. in whose

D. whose

高考链接

1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____ life has developed gradually. （10福建）

A. that B. where

C. which

D. whose 2. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year. （10湖南）

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which

3. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. （10江西）

A where

B who

C which

D what 4. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. （10山东）

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. What 5. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barber’s _____ I go. It’s only 15. （10天津）

A. as

B. which

C. where

D. that 1.（2011•天津卷）10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 2.（2011•江西卷）34.She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 3.（2011•四川卷）17.The school shop, _____customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 4.（2011•北京卷）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ___ , of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 5.（2011•陕西卷）11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ____we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 6.（2011•全国II）7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 7.（2011•江苏卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream. A．when B．where C．that D．which 8.（2011•全国新课标卷）31．The prize will go to the writer ____story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 9.（2011•浙江卷）8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 10.2011•浙江卷A bank is the place ____they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain . A. when B. that C. where D. there 11.（2011•湖南卷）25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently . A who B whom C which D that 12.(2011•安徽卷)28. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 13.(2011•山东卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 14.（2011•福建卷）24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who He, who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed a good-for-nothing.

不懂装懂,永世饭桶。