Learning about Language教学设计方案

二轮定语从句复习教案

备课人：杜遵芳

定语从句

一、定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。告知学生先行词是人时用什么关系代词，先行词是物时又用什么关系代词，当先行词是所有格时用什么关系代词。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

The friend who/ that came to supper last night was not hungry. 该句中，who/ that came to supper last night 是定语从句，修饰先行词the friend，

“who/ that”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the friend，在定语从句中作主语。

二、定语从句的种类以及区别

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下

限制性定语从句

·限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）

·不用逗号分开

·可用关系代词that引导

·可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）

·只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分

非限制性定语从句

·非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）

·一般使用逗号分开

·不可用关系代词that引导

·不可以省略任何关系代词

·修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。

三. 关系副词

1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when eg. I still remember the day when I came here. (on the day =when) 2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where eg. This is the house where I lived last year. (in the house= where)

3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why eg. There are many reasons why people like traveling.(for the reasons=for) 4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词

+ which”来代替。

比如以上讲的三个例子

四. 关系代词that & which的区别: ⒈

只用that的情况

①

先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。

eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it. ②

先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。

eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.

③

先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen. ④

先行词既有人又有物时。

eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school. ⑤

先行词被the only, the very修饰时。

eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows. ⑥

句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。

eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom? ⒉

不能用

that的情况：

①

引导非限制性定语从句；

eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry. ②

介词

+ 关系代词。

eg. This is the room in（ ）

my father lived last year.

五. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which) ① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you. Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China. ② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.