Learning about Language教学设计一等奖

Grammar

一、限制性定语从句

定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句被称为限制性定语从句，这类从句不能省掉，否则句意就不完整。

The boy (who/whom/that) I taught yesterday was very clever. 我昨天教的那个小男孩很聪明。

I was the only person in our class that was praised by the headmaster at the meeting. 我是我们班唯一一个在会议上受到校长表扬的人。

I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want. 我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。

[考题印证]1 ①(江西高考改编)Among the many dangers which/that

sailors have to face,

probably the greatest of all is fog. ②(湖南高考改编)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 二、非限制性定语从句

定语从句有时与先行词的关系不是十分密切，只是作附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句被称为非限制性定语从句，往往用逗号把这类从句与主句分开。

She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth. 她听到一声巨响，这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。

This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。

That is his room, whose window faces south. 那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。

[考题印证]2 ①(北京高考改编)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.

②(浙江高考改编)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1．形式不同

限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。

Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is one of my best friends.(非限制性定语从句) 昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。

I will never forget the day when we worked together.(限制性定语从句) 我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。

[考题印证]3 ①(四川高考改编)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. ②(山东高考改编)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 2．先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。试比较：

This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”) [考题印证]4 ①(天津高考改编)We have launched another man­made satellite, which is announced in today’s newspaper. ②(安徽高考改编)The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 3．关系词的使用情况不同

不同点

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

使用的关系词不同

可用that，why 引导

不可用that，why，要用for which 代替why 关系词的省略情况不同

关系代词作宾语时可省略

所有关系词均不可省略

The house (that/which) I bought last month has got a beautiful garden. 我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。

Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？

This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正谈论的那个人。

[点津]

在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who, that或whom。但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。

I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有个姐姐，她是个医生。

四、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。

2．as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。

3．as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。

He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected. 正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。

He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected. 他实验失败了，这是没有料到的。

As we all know, paper was first made in China. 正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great

effect on my life. 2．His parents wouldn’t marry her to anyone whose family was poor. 3．Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, as happened in Tangshan in 1976. 4．My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather. 5．Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police. 6．This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday. 7．Some pre­school children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs. 8．This is the place where I lived three years ago. 9．This is the place that/which we visited three years ago. 10．This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever bought. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Which is known to the world, the 2018 World Cup will be held in Russia.Which→As 2．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.it→which或在it前加上and

3．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.that→as或在lift后加it 4．Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us. that→which或在that前加上and 5．He will come to see me next July, which he won’t be so busy. which→when 6．The reason why he explained to me is not proper. 去掉why或why→that/which 7．They talked about the things and persons whom they remembered when they were young.whom→that 8．He has two sons, both of them are teachers. them→whom或在both前加上and