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名词性从句的用法

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句

(Noun Clauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。

2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。

3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。

4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。

①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. ( ________从句) ②In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.( ________从句) ③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.( _____从句) ④—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That's where I don't agree. ( ________从句).

[规律总结]

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

1．连词(在从句中____________) :

that（__________）；whether, if（表示“_______”）；as if / though（表示“__________”）,

2．连接______词(在从句中担任______，如____语、_____语、______语、或_____语等)：

________________________________________________________________________. 3. 连接_______词(在从句中作_______语)：___________________________________. 考点1【that, what, which引导的名词性从句】

分考点1 【that引导的名词性从句】

①_____ you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure. ②Experts believe ______ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. ③My decision is ______ all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. ④I made a promise to myself ______

this year, my first year in high school, would be different.

[规律总结]

(1) 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。

(2) 在宾语从句中有时可省略，但下列情况不能省：①当that做介词宾语时。②动词后

跟多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。③that引导的从句位于句首时。

Eg: I know nothing about him except ______he is from New York.

______our team will win, I believe. 分考点2 【what引导的名词性从句】

1. Energy, passion and a burning desire are, you see, ________true learning takes. 2. ________I am convinced of is________hard work contributes to good results. 3. You will know ______ side effect the medicine brings about. 4. Air is to us _______ water is to fish. [规律总结]

What引导名词性从句时，表示“什么”，具有双重作用，既能引导从句，又能在句中充当成分，做主语、宾语、表语或定语。

分考点3【which引导的名词性从句】

1.

Tell me _____ book you like better, the red one or the blue one?

2.

You can choose _______ you want from these dolls. [规律总结]

Which引导名词性从句时，表示“哪一个”。

【比较】which引导定语从句时，只能在从句中做关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语，且只能指物。Eg: I bought the vase which I saw in the fair last week. 考点2【whether/if(是否)引导名词性从句】

①It doesn't matter ______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

②I didn't know ______ he would attend the concert. ③The question is ______it is worth trying. ④He must answer the question ______ he agrees to it or not. ⑤It depends on ______ you can do the work well. [规律总结]

1．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。

2．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。

①与or或or not连用时只能用whether

②从句作介词宾语时只能用whether 考点3【why, how, where, when等连接副词引导的名词性从句】

①It makes no difference ______ we shall have the meeting next week. ②Scientists study ______human brains work to make computers. ③It hasn't been made clear ______ the new underground line is to be open to traffic. ④I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is _______ he never finishes anything. 考点4 【疑问词

+ ever 和

no matter + 疑问词引导的名词性从句】

①______ wants to stay in a hotel has to check in first.

②There are various things on sale, so you can choose ______ interests you. ③ My parents always support me _______ I do. [规律总结]

“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。

【比较】④________ I said, he wouldn’t listen to me. = _____________I said, he wouldn’t listen to me. [规律总结]

“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。

考点5 【as if / though引导的表语从句】

此类表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，常跟在一些连系动词后面，如：

appear 好像

seem 似乎

look 看起来

taste 尝起来

sound 听起来

feel 摸起来

It seemed as if/though it had happened yeaterday. It looks

as if/though it is going to rain. 考点6 【because, why引导表语从句】

Because, why也可以引导表语从句。但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause.常用于以下句型：

This/That is why….这/那是….的原因

This/That is because….这/那是因为….

1. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 2. The reason ____ he came late was _____ he stayed up late last night. 考点7 【it做形式主语/宾语的主语/宾语从句】

(1) it作形式主语，常见的句型有：

①

It＋be＋形容词＋that从句

obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, certain, probable…. ②

It＋be＋名词词组＋that从句

wonder

honor

pity

shame

hope….. ③

It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句

said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged ④

It＋特殊动词/动词短语＋that从句

seem

appear

happen碰巧

matter重要

turn out 结果是

It happened to me ______ I had been away when he called. Does it matter______ I won’t attend the meeting tomorrow? (2) it作形式宾语：

①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，需用it做形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：

think

consider

make

feel

find…. ②表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构“动词+it+that/if/when…”，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate…. I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English．

I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. ③【常考搭配】see to it that ….确保/务必；depend on it that…相信, etc. 考点8【that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别】

①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. ②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. [规律总结]

1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。

2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，that在句中既起着引导作用，又作一定的句子成分。