Learning about Language教学活动设计方案

Period Four Language learning and grammar

Step 1. Revision

Try to retell the text, using your own words. Step 2. Language points

1. in common共有，共用

e.g. In common with many movies stars, he thinks that the most important thing is physical health and mental health. 与许多电影明星一样，他认为最重要的事情是身心健康。

Do you think that the tall buildings in Shenzhen has anything in common in appearance with the skyscrapers in Manhattan, New York. 你认为深圳的高楼在外观上与纽约曼哈顿的摩天大厦有相同之处吗？

The garden is in common to the two houses. 两家共用这个花园。

常见用法：have nothing in common have little in common have something in common have a lot in common 2. in one’s opinion依照某人的看法，在某人看来

e.g. In my opinion, you eat too many green peaches. 我认为你吃了太多的生桃子。

In his father’s opinion, he should ask for some advice on how to learn English. 在他父亲看来,他应该向老师请教一些如何学好英语的建议。

3. However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.”

可是，人们认为我头脑简单，直到发现我有人工智能时，他们才不这么想了。

simple-minded 愚蠢的，头脑简单的

类似构词方式：absent-minded 心不在焉的，出神的

open-minded 虚心的，思想开朗的

narrow-minded 气量小的，小心眼的

single-minded 诚实

strong-minded 意志坚强的，有主见的

weak-minded 优柔寡断的，低能的

4. As the years went by, I’ve been made smaller and smaller.

随着岁月的流逝，我被造得越来越小。

①

as “边……边……”或“与……同时”，重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行。

e.g. The talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。

when的意思是

“在…时刻或时期”，既可指

“点时间”，也可指

“段时间”，从句动词既可以用终止性动词，也可以用延续性动词。

e.g. When I was young, I liked dancing. 我年轻时喜欢跳舞。

When I got home, he was having supper. 我到家时，他正在吃饭。

while只指

“段时间”，不指

“点时间”，从句的动作只限于延续性动词。

e.g. While I slept a thief broke in. 在我睡觉时，贼闯了进来。

②

go by（指时间）过去，流逝

e.g. The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。

As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。

5. And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it.

我的存储器变得如此之大以至于我不能相信。

so…that…

如此……以至于……，注意其结构：

so +adj./adv. +that so +adj. + a/an + n. +that so +many/much/little/few +n. + that e. g. This book is so interesting that I want to read it again. 这本书如此有趣以至于我还想读一遍。

He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得很重，我们只好给他请医生了。

There were so many people in the street that I couldn’t get through.

街上的人太多了，我过不去。

such…that…

如此……以至于……，注意其结构与so…that…的不同：

such +a/an + adj. +n. + that such + adj. +n.(pl.) +that such +adj. + n.(un.) +that e.g. It is such an important meeting that everybody should attend it.

这个会议很重要，每个人必须参加。

He made such rapid progress that he got the first in the exam. 他进步很快，在考试中取得了第一名。

6. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the 1960s, they gave me a family connected by a network. 我一直就是一个人站着，直到20世纪六十年代，他们给了我一个和网络连在一起的家族。

①

standing there by myself单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰的词的前面。现在分词短语作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面，它和被修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，即被修饰的词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作，相当于一个定语从句。

e.g. a waiting man(=a man who is waiting)

正在等待的男人

a sleeping child(=a child who is sleeping)

正在睡觉的孩子

The student making the experiment is our monitor. 正在做实验的那个]学生是我们的班长。

②

in the 1960s/ in the 1960’s 在二十世纪六十年代

注意某世纪某年代的表达方法：in the +基数词s。

注意世纪的表达方法：in the +序数词+century。

注意在某人多少岁时的表达方法：in + one’s +整数的复数

e.g. in the 1870s 在19世纪70年代

in the 19th century在19世纪

in his thirties在他30多岁的时候

③

connected by a network单个的过去分词，放在被修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语则放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的词在逻辑意义上相当于被动句的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。

e.g. The excited people rushed out into the street. 兴奋的人群冲到了街上。

Is there anything planned for the weekend. 周末有什么计划吗？

7. At about the same time we learned to talk to humans using BASIC. 就在同时我们学会了用BASIC语言同人们交流。

using BASIC是现在分词作伴随情况状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。

e.g. The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。

Talking and laughing, the students left the classroom. 学生们说说笑笑地离开教室。

现在分词还可以作其它的状语：

①

作原因状语

Being so excited, many of us could not go to sleep that night.

由于我们中许多人太兴奋了，所以那天晚上睡不着。

②

作时间状语

Working in the factory, I heard a lot from the workers. 在工厂工作期间。为从工人那里学到很多东西。

③

作让步状语

Walking and sleeping, the plan is always in his mind. 无论走路还是睡觉，他总在考虑那个计划。

8. Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information and… 从那时起，我的家族和我就被用很多人来处理信息

deal with（常与how连用）对待，处理，做生意，论述，与……相处

do with（常与what连用）处理，与……相处，将就

Step 3. Discovering useful words and expressions.

In pairs do the Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on Page 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes. Step 4. Grammar: The present perfect passive voice 1. Passive Voice Overview (Tense or Model Passive Sentence) Simple Present — The TOEFL exam is given every six months.

Simple Past — The TOEFL exam was given last month.

Simple Future — The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15.

Present Continuous — The TOEFL exam is being given every year.

Present Perfect — The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950.

Past perfect —

The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred.

Simple Modal — The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student.

Past Modal —

The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges.

2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice

The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is:

have/ has＋

been＋~ed

3. Reading aloud and discovering

Now go back to Page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice.

As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.

Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around the world by the Internet.

Step 5. Practice (discovering useful structures) Do grammar Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on Page 20. Step 6. Homework

1. Review what they have learnt about the present perfect passive voice. 2. Finish Workbook Exercises 1 and 2 on Page 56 and 57. 3. Finish using structures, Exercise 1 on Page 57.