Using LanguageⅡ课堂实录【2】

Grammar 非谓语动词

概述

1.谓语动词：在句子中担任_____________的动词

2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除______________外的所有成分

非谓语动词使用条件

英语句子规则：两个_________关系，一个_________词；没有________词,其中一个谓语变为非谓语。（即一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，用____________。

She got off the bus, __________

left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus,______________(leave) her handbag on her seat.

动名词

判断下划线部分充当什么成分。

•

1. Swimming is his favourite sport.

__________________ •

2. He enjoys swimming.

___________________ •

3. His favourite sport is swimming.

___________________ （1）

动名词作主语

Respecting others is a virtue. ________________________________ 动名词作主语，可用于”It’s no use / good / useless +动名词”句型中。

It’s no use talking with him. _______________________________________ 动名词做主语表示一般的或抽象的多次的行为，而动词不定式作主语则表示具体的或一次性的动作。

I like

________ (swim) but I don’t like ________ today. （2）

动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand

remember, forget, regret, try 例

句

解

析

1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事

1. I remember to meet her at the station.

remember doing sth.回顾过去发生I remember seeing her once somewhere. 的事

2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. 2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事

I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it

forget doing sth.忘记做过的事

is. 3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉

3. I regret not having working hard.

regret doing sth.对发生过的事后

I regret to hear of your sister’s death.

悔

4. Try knocking at the back door. 4. try to do sth.设法……，试图

We must try to get everything ready.

try doing sth.试试看，试一试

5. That will mean flooding some land. 5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要

I had meant to go on Monday.

mean doing sth.意味着，就是

want, require, need, demand, request 例

句

解

析

need /want/require/doing 需要被做

need/want/require to be done需要被做

—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

—Well, now I regret

that.

A. to do

B. to be doing

C. to have done

D. having done —I must apologize for ______ ahead of time.

—That's all right.

A. letting you not know

B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not

D. letting not you know Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them. A. correct

B. correcting

C. corrects

D. to correct

分词

判断下划线部分充当什么成分。

•

1. I found him swimming in the river.

________________ •

2. He is the man swimming in the river just now.

________________ •

3. Swimming in Summer, we can get cool.

________________ （1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）,从句动作发生在主句之前，或延续一段时间，用having done,被动having been done. Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. 做时间状语的分词，可以改成时间连词连接的主从句，如上面一句可以改成：

_________________________________________________________ Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =When ____________ seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.

______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

_____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2004高考江苏卷)

A. to work

B. working

C. to have worked

D. having worked ②原因状语（分词作状语前面可加because, as等）

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note Because ________________,he decided to leave them a note. Not having finished her work in time, she was fired by the boss. As ____________________, she was fired by the boss. Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. = ___________________________, he soon fell asleep.

in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .

A．Attracting

B．Attracted

C．To be attracted

D．Having attracted

做原因状语的分词，可以改成原因连词连接的主从句，如上句可以改成：

_____________________________________________________________ ③伴随状语

1. The girls came in, _____________(follow) their parents. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined.

2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.

A. seizing ..., disappeared

B. seized ..., disappeared

C. seizing…, disappearing

D. seized ..., disappearing 3. "Can't you read it?" Mary said ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing 4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added

B. to add

C. adding

D. Added 5. The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and ___________________ by some students. 6. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____ A. exhausting B. exhausted

C. being exhausting D. having exhausted

④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. 现在分词做伴随状语和结果状语可以根据意思改成由and或or 连接的并列句或改成非限制性定语从句. 4可改成___________________________________________or________________________ ④可改成

___________________________________________or_______________________ 5可改为

___________________________________________

European football is played in 80 countries, _____it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making

B. makes

C. make

D. to make ★不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别?

————————————————————————————————————————

★注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时(not) doing，如发生．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．在谓语动作之前时则用完成式(not) having(been) done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

⑤作条件状语

Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. =________________________, I would have worked out the problem. Given more time, I will do better than Tom =________________________, I will do better than Tom The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun

with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all .

A．Compare

B．When comparing

C．Comparing

D．When compared

（2）分词作定语

1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door＿＿＿＿＿

"Sorry to miss you；

will call later."

A. read

B. reads

C. to read

D. reading 2. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.

having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung 3. The Olympic Games, _______in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing

4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

（3）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别：

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

感官动词

动词原形→做了某事

S．+

+ 宾语

+ 现在分词→正在做某事

使役动词

过去分词→做了或被做

1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents

. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry

2. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

3. Paul doesn't have to be made

.He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year.

A．carry out

B．carrying out

C．carried out

D．to carry out

5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found

in the kitchen.

A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked

6. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)

A. making herself hear

B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard (4)分词作表语

1. As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.

A. separated

B. spared

C. lost

D. missed 2. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party.

A. get changed

B. get change

C. get changing

D. get to change 3. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen